Chapter 9

Question 1

southern economy based on

Answer 1

agriculture; made it a challenge to restart economy after the war b/c so much land destroyed

Question 2

why 15th Amendment took 100 years to be meaningful

Answer 2

restrictions like poll tax and literacy tests; intimidation from KKK; no mention of women (sex) in amendment

Question 3

why southerners so against Reconstruction

Answer 3

gave Congress (northerners) too much power/control over the South

Question 4

voting restrictions after 15th Amendment

Answer 4

poll tax and literacy tests to restrict voting

Question 5

scalawags

Answer 5

people from South who supported Reconstruction (Republicans)

Question 6

carpetbaggers

Answer 6

people from North who came to South to exploit or help

Question 7

recovery in North easier because…

Answer 7

battles/destruction were mostly in the South

Question 8

Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction

Answer 8

easiest plan–act like they never left

Question 9

Freedmen’s Bureau success

Answer 9

providing education for all ages

Question 10

southern transportation after the war

Answer 10

railroads destroyed

Question 11

Republican view of Johnson’s Reconstruction plans

Answer 11

too lenient (easy) on the South

Question 12

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 12

people born or naturalized in U.S. are citizen with equal protection under the law

Question 13

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 13

voting rights for African American males

Question 14

who helped Radical Republicans with their plans

Answer 14

moderate Republicans

Question 15

why Republicans impeached Pres. Johnson

Answer 15

didn’t like his plans for Reconstruction–didn’t actually commit any crimes

Question 16

significance of allowing African Americans to vote/run for office

Answer 16

they were elected and elected others who would work for their rights–big change from being enslaved

Question 17

Reconstruction most effective area

Answer 17

education

Question 18

where sharecropping done in GA and SC

Answer 18

look at map

Question 19

equality based on Constitution

Answer 19

all citizens are equal before the law arguing against Plessy v. Ferguson which said separate was fine as long as it was equal (it was never equal)

Question 20

Short Answer #1
Explain why President Lincoln’s assassination put the future of the nation in question.

Answer 20

-Lincoln assassinated just 5 days after Lee’s surrender
-Lincoln had a plan for Reconstruction, but it wasn’t put into action before his death
-no one knew what Johnson’s plan might be

Question 21

Short Answer #2
Describe the causes and effects of Radical Reconstruction.

Answer 21

-Radical Reconstruction was period where Republicans held majorities of both houses of Congress & could override vetoes by Pres. Johnson
-state govt. who had not ratified 14th Amendment (every state except TN) were thrown out
-South divided into districts w/military control
-states must write new constitutions
-14th Amendment prohibited former Conf. officials from voting, and other white Southerners didn’t vote in protest, SO African American votes strongly influenced results & Republicans gained even more power

Question 22

Short Answer #3
How did the sharecropping system work, and why did it create problems for both sharecroppers and small landownwers?

Answer 22

-sharecroppers could rent land to farm
-landowner supplied materials and tools for planting and harvesting & then took a share of renter’s crop as payment
-locked into a cycle of credit and debt
-crop values dropped after war, so sharecroppers didn’t make enough to pay off what they owed & debt grew
-small landowners faced similar problems

Question 23

Short Answer #4
After the end of Reconstruction, were African Americans in the South able to keep the gains they had made during the Civil War and Reconstruction? Provide evidence to support your answer.

Answer 23

-NO
-slavery abolished–they kept that
-right to vote granted w/15th Amendment—but restricted later with poll taxes and literacy tests
-free to vote—but intimidated/harmed by KKK for exercising the right to vote
-free to choose job—but often caught in cycle of credit and debt due to sharecropping (one of the few jobs they could get)
-free but Plessy v. Ferguson made segregation (separation of the races) legal in schools, theaters, hospitals, churches, restrooms, playgrounds, etc.