Chapter 9-14

Question 0

Base level of a river

Answer 0

Lowest part where the river can’t erode any further

Question 1

Runoff

Answer 1

Water that does not filtrate

Question 2

Suspended load of the river

Answer 2

Clay and silk

Question 3

Total load of sediment (capacity)

Answer 3

How much sediment the river can carry

Question 4

Stream

Answer 4

Channels in the river that cross back & forth (looks like a braid)

Question 5

Point bar

Answer 5

Part of the stream/river that is the inside of the curve… It is slower

Question 6

Cut bank

Answer 6

Outside curve that moves faster

Question 7

Slumps

Answer 7

Go down & come back up in a rotational manner

Question 8

Slides

Answer 8

Move straight or transitionally

Question 9

Safety factor

Answer 9

Uses resisting forces and driving forces

Question 10

Vaiont dam disaster

Answer 10

dam was built on metamorphic foliated rocks and it was built going to wrong way

Question 11

Drainage control

Answer 11

Too much water out of slopes slows it down

Question 12

Landslide

Answer 12

Mass wasting

Question 13

Velocity

Answer 13

Stream velocity depends on steam gradient, discharge, channel shape and turbulence

Question 14

Wind fetch

Answer 14

The distance wind blows without change in direction

Question 15

What happens when waves enter shallow water

Answer 15

The wave height decreases

Question 16

Sea walls cause

Answer 16

Erosion

Question 17

2 types of flooding

Answer 17

1. upstream

2. downstream

Question 18

Upstream flooding

Answer 18

Shorter duration/ smaller area

Question 19

Downstream flooding

Answer 19

Longer duration/ larger area

Question 20

Groins

Answer 20

Are put perpendicular to the beach on places of erosion

Question 21

Jetties

Answer 21

Are on the mouth of the river to keep away erosion

Question 22

Why are we concerned about water

Answer 22

Most of it is frozen or salt

Question 23

Drainage basin

Answer 23

All water flows into a particular river

Question 24

Groundwater will

Answer 24

Collect in limestone

Question 25

Saturated zone

Answer 25

Will keep water

Question 26

Unsaturated zone

Answer 26

Water won’t stay in it

Question 27

Aquitard

Answer 27

Clay won’t let water pass through it

Question 28

BOD

Answer 28

Used to clean up organic matter and water that is polluted by it

Question 29

Eutrophication

Answer 29

Excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or body of water… The main cause of eutrophication is natural run off from the soil and weathering of rocks

Question 30

Mercury

Answer 30

Is extremely poisonous

Question 31

Biomagnification

Answer 31

The process of mercury passing through water, to fish, to people

Question 32

Sediment

Answer 32

Large pollutant in water

Question 33

Pin source of pollution

Answer 33

U can see it

Question 34

Non point source pollution

Answer 34

U can’t pin point it

Question 35

Acid mine drainage

Answer 35

A serious threat to water caused by the weathering of sulfide minerals

Question 36

Salt water intrusion

Answer 36

Salt water enters saturated zone and mixes with groundwater

Question 37

Waste water treatment plans

Answer 37

Septic systems- drained into the field under the ground

Question 38

What is most water in the us used for?

Answer 38

Irrigation

Question 39

Effluent

Answer 39

Any mineral that flows outward

Question 40

Influent

Answer 40

Is everywhere above groundwater and flows in response to precipitation

Question 41

Landslide hazard map

Answer 41

Based on the history of the area of the landslide

Question 42

10 year flood zone

Answer 42

10% chance of it occurring each year

Question 43

Snow avalanches

Answer 43

Type of landslide that comes rolling down the mountain and ends up in a chute

Question 44

Lag time

Answer 44

Time period between when the main mass of precipitation falls and a peak discharge in a stream occurs