Chapter 9. Flashcards
Americans with Disabilities Act
A wide-ranging civil rights law enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990, that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability.
Blockbusting
The practice of inducing homeowners in a particular neighborhood to sell their homes quickly, often at below market prices, by creating the fear that the entry of a minority group or groups into the neighborhood will cause a precipitous decline in property values.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
A federal law that prohibits all discrimination on the basis of race.
Disability / Handicap
The consequence of an impairment that may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental, or some combination of these.
Fair Housing Act of 1968
A federal prohibition that protects buyer/renter of a dwelling from seller/landlord discrimination with regards to race, color, religion, gender, national origin, familial status, or disability.
Familial Status
A single person, pregnant woman or a household with children under 18 living with parents or legal custodians who might experience housing discrimination. Filtering Down - The decline in value of properties in neighborhoods that were once middle or upper-middle income.
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Established in 1965, HUD works to create a decent home and suitable living environment for all Americans; it does this by addressing housing needs, improving and developing American communities, and enforcing fair housing laws.
Jones vs. Mayer Supreme Court Decision (1968)
Held that Congress could regulate the sale of private property in order to prevent racial discrimination. Bars all racial discrimination, private as well as public, in the sale or rental of property, and that the statute, thus construed, is a valid exercise of the power of Congress to enforce the 13th Amendment.
Marital Status
Indicated whether the person is married. The only possible answers are “married” or “single”
N.Y. State Human Rights Law -
Protects individuals from the discrimination based on their age, creed, race, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, marital status, disability, military status, domestic violence victim status, arrest record, conviction record, predisposing genetic characteristics, and familial status.
Non-Solicitation Order
A rule adopted by the Secretary of State which prohibits any or all types of solicitation directed towards homeowners within a defined geographic area. Such rule may be adopted after a public hearing and upon the Secretary’s determination that homeowners within the subject area have been subject to intense and repeated solicitations by real estate brokers or salespersons and that such solicitations have caused owners to reasonably believe that property values may decrease because persons of different race, ethnic, religious or social backgrounds are moving or about to move into such area.
Red-Lining
The refusal to lend money within a specific area for various reasons. This practice is illegal.
Steering
The practice in which real estate brokers guide prospective home buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race. Steering is highly illegal.
Testers
Volunteers from state or private agencies who enforce fair housing by claiming to be home seekers, thereby finding out if brokers deal fairly with all clients/customers.
A wide-ranging civil rights law enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990, that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability is known as what…?
Americans with Disabilities Act
This Supreme Court decision held that Congress could regulate the sale of private property in order to prevent racial discrimination…?
AJones vs. Mayer
Jones vs. Mayer
Philip is a handicapped individual who owns a unit in a large cooperative complex. Philip’s unit is not currently handicap accessible. If Philip wants to make the unit handicap accessible, who is responsible for the cost of the accommodations…?
Philip himself
Which of the following is a valid and legal reason for a home provider to NOT provide a particular handicap accommodation…?
The provider will experience financial hardship
This law protects individuals from discrimination based on their age, creed, race, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, marital status, disability, military status, domestic violence victim status, arrest record, conviction record, predisposing genetic characteristics, and familial status…?
New York State Human Rights Law
Handicap accessibility and adaptability provisions were required for all new construction as of which year…?
1991
David, a real estate agent, illegally created fear among homeowners in a particular neighborhood by stating that the migration of minority groups into the neighborhood will lead to a decrease in property values. David is guilty of which illegal act…?
Blockbusting
Real estate agents may be subject to licensure suspensions or revocations if they illegally solicit homeowners from these…?
Cease and Desist Lists
Which of the following Acts served as the beginning of the civil rights and fair housing laws…?
Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Fair Housing Act of 1968, which protects buyers and rents from discrimination, has how many protected classes…?
7
Which of the following classes is NOT protected under the Fair Housing Act of 1968…?
Sexual Orientation
Which adjectives describe the way we make decisions as a result of implicit bias?
Subconscious, automatic, unintentional
Why does the brain manufacture biases, even if it’s doing it illogically?
To protect us
Is implicit bias carried out with our full knowledge?
No, “implicit” means it’s carried out subconsciously
Which of the following definitions best matches the term “exclusion”?
Alienating or isolating a person because of prejudiced beliefs
Which of the following would be an illegal action if directed at an employee with a mobility impairment?
Obstructing the movement of an employee with a disability.
What is one of the defining characteristics of explicit bias?
It can be controlled.
The practice in which real estate brokers guide prospective home buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race is referred to as…?
Steering
Which of the following may be considered a plausible reason for NOT being able to live in a particular neighborhood…?
An individual is not financially capable of buying or renting in a particular neighborhood
What does the term “exclusion” mean?
Unfairly separating a person from a group due to prejudiced attitudes
What causes people to develop implicit bias?
Personal experiences
Why is bias so damaging to national economies?
It limits the earning potential of minority groups.
What is racial steering?
Directing clients to buy specific properties because of their minority status
Which of the following institutions is NOT affected by systemic bias?
They are all affected by systemic bias.
Which type of bias is most easily identified?
Explicit
Why wouldn’t the elimination of explicit bias resolve problems with bias in general?
Because implicit and systemic bias would persist
How does implicit bias differ from systemic bias?
Implicit bias affects personal feelings rather than systems.
According to the fair housing laws, how many persons are assumed to occupy a studio apartment…?
2
In this year, the Fair Housing Act was signed into law…?
1968
This Supreme Court case reasoned that ‘separate but equal’ is considered constitutional…?
Plessy vs. Ferguson
The Supreme Court case, Brown vs. Board of Education, was decided in this year…?
1954
The ‘Section 8’ voucher program was created under this Act…?
The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974
The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), was established in this year…?
1965
The single family home exemption is also known as what…?
Ms. Murphy’s Exemption
