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Exam 2- Psych 205 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

A new set of experiments have shown that people who are overweight have different ______ than people who are not.

A

type of microorganisms

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2
Q

Why do both high levels and very low levels of insulin lead to increased eating?

A

Little glucose is reaching the cells to be used as fuel

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3
Q

Angiotensin II acts on the kidney to retain more sodium.

A

False

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4
Q

A Danish study correlating the weights of 540 adopted children with various adoptive and biological relatives found ____.

A

A higher correlation with biological relatives than adoptive relatives

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5
Q

Stomach distension is necessary to produce satiety.

A

False

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6
Q

Output from the paraventricular nucleus acts on the ____.

A

lateral hypothalamus

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7
Q

Output from the paraventricular nucleus acts on the ____.

A

constant; variable

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8
Q

The blood’s glucose level ordinarily remains relatively constant because of the activity of ____.

A

the liver

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9
Q

Homeostasis refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range.

A

True

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10
Q

The brain gets part of its information regarding low osmotic pressure from ____.

A

receptors around the third ventricle

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11
Q

Professor Augustus told his class that the _____ detects osmotic pressure.

A

OVLT and subfornical organ

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12
Q

Taste and other mouth sensations contribute to ____.

A

satiety

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13
Q

Hypovolemia induces thirst by the production of which hormone?

A

Angiotensin II

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14
Q

Paige wants to lose weight. The most effective long-term plan is for her to limit her intake of sweet foods.

A

False

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15
Q

Many kinds of information impinge onto two kinds of cells in one nucleus of the hypothalamus, which is regarded as the “master area” for control of appetite. That area is the ____.

A

arcuate nucleus

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16
Q

Patti has a fever. This is caused by a change in the set point for her body temperature.

A

True

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17
Q

What effect does the hormone angiotensin II have?

A

Constriction of blood vessels

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18
Q

Sixta has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Although her doctors are not sure if it caused her disorder or is a result of it, but Sixta has disrupted levels of _____ release.

A

dopamine

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19
Q

Small birds generally eat ____.

A

only what they need at the moment

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20
Q

Paz just ate some salty popcorn. Now she is experiencing an increase in the concentration of sodium in her _____.

A

extracellular fluid

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21
Q

Paz just ate some salty popcorn. Now she is experiencing an increase in the concentration of sodium in her _____.

A

extracellular fluid

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22
Q

Pamala has a fever of 107°F. Her doctor is concerned because ______.

A

at this temperature, she is starting to damage her own body cells

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23
Q

After damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus, an animal will most likely ____.

A

overeat when presented with a sweetened diet

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24
Q

Hunger and satiety-sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus affect neurons in the ____, thereby affecting meal size.

A

paraventricular nucleus

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25
Q

Why do both high levels and very low levels of insulin lead to increased eating?

A

Little glucose is reaching the cells to be used as fuel

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26
Q

An animal has trouble digesting its food after damage to the ____.

A

Lateral hypothalamus

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27
Q

Luigi got a deep cut on his foot and started losing a lot of blood. To compensate, his body released ____ to _____ his blood pressure while he was waiting for help to arrive.

A

vasopressin; increase

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28
Q

Processes that reduce any discrepancies from the set point are known as ____.

A

negative feedback

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29
Q

Axons from the satiety-sensitive cells of the arcuate nucleus deliver an _____ message to the paraventricular nucleus, releasing ______.

A

excitatory; melanocortins

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30
Q

The esophagus brings food from the ____.

A

mouth to the stomach

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31
Q

The large intestine ____.

A

absorbs water and minerals

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32
Q

An advantage of maintaining a constant body temperature is that it ____.

A

enables an animal to stay equally active at all enviromental temperatures

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33
Q

Vasopressin increases blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels.

A

True

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34
Q

Homeostasis refers to temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range.

A

True

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35
Q

Patti has a fever. This is caused by a change in the set point for her body temperature.

A

True

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36
Q

The lateral preoptic area and surrounding parts of the hypothalamus control ____.

A

drinking

37
Q

What kind of thirst is produced by an increased concentration of solutes in the blood?

A

Osmotic

38
Q

Tammi has a pet lizard. How does her lizard maintain a proper body temperature?

A

By choosing an appropriate area of the cage

39
Q

Professor Beck tells his class that homeothermic organisms have an advantage because being homeothermic _____.

A

enables the individual to stay active when the environment is cool

40
Q

What is one reason why animals with a lesion in the lateral hypothalamus eat so little?

A

They experience a decreased cortical response to the smell and sight of food

41
Q

Which event would lead to eating a larger than normal meal?

A

Increasing NPY levels

42
Q

Leonora loves eating carbohydrates. When she does, they are initially broken down in her _____.

A

mouth

43
Q

Most young mammals stop nursing, at least partly, due to the loss of what ability?

A

Metabolizing the sugar in milk

44
Q

Which group would most likely benefit from taking leptin?

A

Obese people who fail to produce leptin

45
Q

In sham-feeding, animals are ____.

A

allowed to chew and swallow, but the food never enters the stomach

46
Q

Chronically high insulin levels lead to increased appetite by ____.

A

Causing a high percentage of available glucose to be stored as fat

47
Q

How do adult mammals with damage to the preoptic area regulate their body temperature?

A

Behaviorly

48
Q

Orexin inhibits appetite.

A

False

49
Q

Beyond about 40°C or 41°C, ____ begin to break their bonds and lose their useful properties.

A

proteins

50
Q

Like vasopressin, ____ constricts the blood vessels, compensating for the drop in blood pressure.

A

angiotensin II

51
Q

Shella has trouble regulating her insulin levels. What might happen if her levels got high?

A

Glucose entry into the cells increases.

52
Q

Professor Lainez explains to her class that humans will spend more energy _______, than everything else combined.

A

maintaining basal metabolism

53
Q

Dinah’s body has produced aldosterone so that she

A

is able to conserve sodium

54
Q

Fructose, used in corn syrup as a sweetener, may lead to increased obesity by ____.

A

failing to trigger satiety

55
Q

Vasopressin raises blood pressure by ____.

A

constricting the blood vessels

56
Q

Poikilothermic organisms have body temperatures that ____.

A

are the same as the temperature of their enviroments\

57
Q

Ivette has been diagnosed with Anorexia nervosa. Her doctors have decided to try a new treatment to address her weight loss itself. They start out by having Ivette _____.

A

wearing warm clothes or staying in a warm room

58
Q

One interpretation of how the hormone CCK promotes satiety is that it ____.

A

causes the stomach to fill more quickly

59
Q

The ____ increases the pituitary gland’s secretion of hormones that increase insulin secretion.

A

lateral hypothalamus

60
Q

Leonora loves eating carbohydrates. When she does, they are initially broken down in her _____.

A

Mouth

61
Q

The brain finds out about the degree of stretch of the stomach from ____.

A

activity of the vagus nerve

62
Q

Hal is experiencing osmotic thirst. He should drink pure water.

A

True

63
Q

Collin wants to lose weight. His doctors suggest all of the following except _____.

A

use artificial supplements that increase ghrelin

64
Q

A set point refers to?

A

a very narrow range that the body works to maintain at a stable level

65
Q

Kurtis’s dog has had damage to the POA/AH. If he gets hot, he will _____.

A

not pant properly and potentially overheat

66
Q

Alysia is lactose intolerant. She has a hard time with _____ although she can have small amounts of ____ because it is easier to digest.

A

milk; cheese

67
Q

What is the main site for absorption of digested food into the bloodstream?

A

small intestine

68
Q

Homeothermic organisms include ____.

A

Mammals and birds

69
Q

Graig is experiencing hypovolemic thirst. His type of thirst _____.

A

can be satisfied better by slightly salty water than by pure water

70
Q

The preoptic area of the hypothalamus monitors temperatures from what areas of the body?

A

The POA/AH and the skin

71
Q

CCK limits meal size.

A

True

72
Q

Obese people tend to produce more insulin than people of normal weight.

A

True

73
Q

Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose leaves the blood and enters the cells?

A

Insulin

74
Q

Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water?

A

Vasopressin

75
Q

Glucagon stimulates the liver to ____.

A

convert glycogen to glucose

76
Q

Professor Wang is lecturing on digestion and eating behaviors. He tells the class that the pancreas makes _____ and ____ that regulate the flow of glucose into the cells.

A

Glucagon; insulin

77
Q

Who is doing a project on a homeostatic mechanism?

A

Dortha who put together a presentation on blood glucose levels

78
Q

The POA/AH monitors body temperature partly by monitoring ____.

A

its own temperature

79
Q

High levels of leptin are associated with ____.

A

increased activity and decreased eating

80
Q

High levels of leptin are associated with ____.

A

increased activity and decreased eating

81
Q

An increase in the size of meals is most likely to occur following damage to which area of the hypothalamus?

A

Paraventricular

82
Q

There are many chemicals and brain areas that contribute to feeding and satiety. Why might this be?

A

So that if one part of the system gets disrupted, compensation can occur to not disrupt eating behavior

83
Q

What causes hypovolemic thirst?

A

Low blood volume

84
Q

After damage to the lateral hypothalamus, animals ____.

A

eat less

85
Q

Most mammals at about the age of weaning lose the intestinal enzyme lactase.

A

True

86
Q

Obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to a problem with ____.

A

ghrelin

87
Q

Your posterior pituitary is most likely to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ____.

A

if you are very thirsty

88
Q

Lora is sick and has developed a fever. Why might this be helpful for her?

A

A slight fever activates the immune system and makes it harder for bacteria to survive

Exam 2- Psych 205 (3 decks)

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