Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is the blending theory of inheritance?
Theory suggesting that hereditary traits blend evenly in offspring through mixing of the blood of the two parents.
What is a trait?
A particular variation in a genetic or phenotypic character.
What does it mean to self-pollinate?
Fertilization in which sperm nuclei in pollen produced by anthers fertilize egg cells housed in the carpel of the same flower. Self-fertilization can also occur in hermaphroditic animals.
What does it mean to cross-pollinate?
Fertilization of one plant by a different plant.
What is true-breeding?
Refers to an individual that passes traits without change from one generation to the next.
What is the F1 generation?
The first generation of offspring from a genetic cross.
What is the P generation?
The parental individuals used in an initial cross.
What is the F2 generation?
The second generation of offspring from a genetic cross.
What is dominance?
The masking effect of one allele over another.
What is recessive?
An allele that is masked by a dominant allele.
What is meant by dominant?
Refers to the allele expressed when more than one allele is present.
What is the principle of segregation?
Mendel’s principle that the pairs of alleles that control a character segregate as gametes are formed, with half the gametes carrying one allele and the other half carrying the other allele.
What is homozygote?
An individual with two copies of the same allele.
What is homozygous?
State of possessing two copies of the same allele.
What is heterozygote?
An individual with two different alleles of a gene.
What is heterozygous?
The state of possessing two different alleles of a gene.
What is a genotype?
The genetic constitution of an organism.
What is a phenotype?
The outward appearance of an organism.
