Chapter 9 Flashcards
Photosynthesis generates what?
O^2 and glucose which are used in cellular respiration.
Aerobic Respiration
Oxygen is present (Cellular respiration)
Anaerobic respiration
Absence of oxygen (Glycolysis, Fermentation)
Cellular Respiration formula
C^6H^12O^6 + 6O^2 –> 6CO^2 + 6H^2O + ATP
How many ATP is produced during Cellular Respiration?
36
What is the goal of Cellular Respiration?
To break down complex molecules into ATP
Glycolysis
- Anaerobic
- In Cytoplasm
- Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, quick supply of ATP
Glycolysis formula
C^6H^12O^6 + 2ATP + 2NAD+ –> 2 Pyruvic Acids + 2ATP + 2NADH
The Krebs Cycle
- Anaerobic
- Completes the breakdown of glucose, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is broken down into CO^2 in a series of energy-extracting reactions.
- In Matrix (Cytoplasm of Mitochondria)
The Krebs Cycle formula
2 Pyruvic Acids + 2ADP + 8NAD+ + 2FAD+ –> 6CO^2 + 2ATP + 8NADH + 2FADH^2
The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
- Aerobic
- Oxidative Phosphorylation - Transfer of chemical energy from food to ATP using a ATP synthase (chemiosmosis), producing a lot of ATP
- In Cristae (Inner membrane of mitochondria)
The Electron Transport Chain formula
2NADH + 8NADH + 2FADH^2 + 6O^2 –> 6H^2O + 32ATP + 2NAD+ + 8NAD+ + 2FAD+
Fermentation
- Process of producing ATP from food molecules in the absence of oxygen
- Produced no ATP, only allows NADH (an electron carrier) to be restored to NAD+ (electron acceptor) so glycolysis can continue
- In Cytoplasm
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Most organisms like humans
- Lactic Acid (byproduct) - Causes muscle soreness when this begins to build up)
- Used to make foods such as cheese, yogurt, buttermilk.
Alcoholic Fermentation
- Used for alcoholic beverages and causes bread dough to rise
- Ethyl Acid (byproduct)
