Chapter 9 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Un-grading
Feedbeet is not a number but rather a discussion
Grades can either increase or decrease your motivation based on what grade you receive
What is motivation
Describes our desire and want to do something / get something done
In regards to motivation, what were humans depicted as?
Responsive to basic drives or needs but otherwise passive
Behaviour reinforcement theories
Behaviourist de emphasized drives or needs and focused on reinforcement as primary mechanism for behaviour
Reinforcer
Anything that increases or decreases frequency of behaviour
Need theories
Opposed to reinforcement based motivation
Maslow suggests needs function in a hierarchy: if one is not achieved the following needs will suffer
Maslow need triangle:
- Physiological needs (food, water)
- Safety needs (free from danger and anxiety)
- Love needs (friends and family)
- Self- Esteem needs ( confidence, mastery experiences)
- Self - actualization (creativity, satisfaction of curiosity)
Who created goal theories?
Martin ford
What are the 6 goal theories?
- Affective goals: entertainment, happiness
- Cognitive goals: intellectual creativity, attaining understanding
- Subjective organization goals: unity, transcendence
- Self-assertive sold relationship goals: self-determination, superiority
- Integrative Social relationship goals: belongingness, social responsibility
- Task goals: mastery, task creativity
Learning goals ( Mastery goals/task-involvment goals)
Focus is on learning whether the task is designed to teach them
There is an actual interest in material
Performance goals (ego-involvement goals)
Focus is more on public reputation and preserving self-perceptions rather than learning
Work -avoidant goals
They minimize the task challenges and instead seek to reduce time and effort devoted to the task
Classroom applications of goad theories emphasize:
Establish supportive relationships that encourage students to adopt learning goals
Avoid creating pressure that steer students towards performance and work avoidant goals
Intrinsic motivation theories: self-determination theory
Requires no separate motivating consequences; the only necessary “reward” for them Is the spontaneous interest and enjoyment they get when doing the task
Intrinsic motivation theory: flow process
- Activity has clear goals and provides immediate feedback
- Our personal skills are well suited to the activities challenges
- Experience one-pointedness of mind
- Concentration on the task at hand
- A sense of potential control
- Loss of self-consciousness
- Altered sense of time
- Experience becomes autotelic (worth doing for its own sake)
Flow theory
Being fully immersed in a task
Does Flow potential differs across persons and situations?
Yes
If the perceived level is high and perceived level of skill is high what occurs?
Flow
If the perceived level of challenge is low and perceived level of skill is low what occurs?
Apathy
If the perceived level of challenge is high and perceived level of skill is low what occurs?
Anxiety
If the perceived level of challenge is low and perceived level of skill is high what occurs?
bordem
Low HPA vs. High HPA vs optimal zone
Low HPA: bored
High HPA: stressed
Optimal zone: flow (perfect amount of cortisol)
Teachers can encourage flow in 3 ways:
- teaching them enthusiastically
- Match between what students are prepared for and what is being demanded of them
- Providing instructional and emotional support
What is not a strong predictor of career excellence?
Academic success
