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A&P > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Consist of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells, plus connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels, & nerve fibers

Covered externally by epimysium

A

Muscle (organ)

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2
Q

Discrete bundle of muscle cells, segregated from rest of muscle by a connective tissue sheath

Surrounded by perimysium

A

Fascicle (a portion of the muscle)

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3
Q

Elongated multinucleate cell; has a striated appearance

Surrounded by epimysium

A

Muscle Fiber

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4
Q

Rodlike contractile elements that occupy most of muscle cell volume. Composed of sarcomeres arranged end to end, appear banded, and bands of adjacent myofibrils are aligned

A

Myofibril

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5
Q

Contractile unit, composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins

A

Sarcomere

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6
Q

Lateral Thin filaments; extend across the I band and partway into the A band. Z disc anchors thin filaments.

A

Actin protein

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7
Q

Thick filaments; extend the entire length of the A band. Connected in middle of Sarcomere at the M line

A

Myosin protein

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8
Q

Epimysium of muscle is fused to periosteum of a bone or perichondrium of cartilage

A

Direct (fleshy) attachment

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9
Q

Muscles ct wrappings extend beyond the muscle either as a tendon or aponeurosis

A

Indirect attachment

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10
Q

Cytoplasm of muscle cell, contains unusually large amounts of glycosomes and myoglobin

A

Sarcoplasm

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11
Q

Red pigment that stored oxygen; similar to hemoglobin; pigment that transports oxygen in blood

A

Myoglobin

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12
Q

Muscle cell contains 3 specialized structures

A

Myofibrils, sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR), T Tubules

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13
Q

_______ bands & ________ bands are nearly perfectly aligned, giving the cell its striated look

A

Dark A; light I

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14
Q

Each dark A band has a lighter region in its midsection called?

A

H zone

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15
Q

Each H zone is bisected vertically by a dark line called?

Formed by molecules of myomesin protein

A

M line

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16
Q

Each light I band has a midline interruption, darker area called?

A

Z disc (Z line)

17
Q

Region of a myofibril between 2 successive Z discs

A

Sarcomere

18
Q

Muscle equivalents of the actin-containing micro filaments and myosin motor proteins

A

Myofilaments (filaments)

19
Q

What consists of 6 polypeptide chains: 2 heavy & 4 light?

A

A myosin molecule

20
Q

Heavy chains twist together to form _______ tail; each heavy chain ends in a ______ _____ attached to the tail via a flexible hinge

A

Myosin’s rodlike; globular head

21
Q

What contains about 300 myosin molecules, tails forming the central part of the filament, & their heads face outward at the end of each molecule?

A

Thick filament

22
Q

What has kidney-shaped polypeptide subunits (globular actin or G actin), has a myosin-binding site (active site), & G actin subunits polymerize into long actin filaments called filamentous or F actin? Also contains tropomyosin and troponin

A

Thin filaments

23
Q

Rod-like protein, spirals about actin core & helps stiff in & stabilize it. Blocks myosin-bind sites on actin so that myosin heads on thick filaments cannot bind to thin filaments

A

Tropomyosin

24
Q

Globular protein w/ 3 polypeptide subunits
1. Attaches troponin to actin
2. Binds tropomyosin & helps position it on actin
3. Binds calcium ions

A

Troponin

25
Q

Elastic filament; extends from a disc to thick filament & then runs within thick filament to attach to M line; holds thick filaments in place, maintaining organization of A band & helps muscle cells spring back into shape after stretching

Does not resist stretching in ordinary range of extensions, but stiffens as it uncoils, helping muscle resist excessive stretching, which might pull sarcomeres apart

A

Titin protein

26
Q

Structural proteins; links thin filaments to integral proteins of sarcolemma

A

Dystrophin

27
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers contain 2 sets of intercellular tubules that help regulate muscle contraction

Pg 288

A
  1. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  2. T Tubules
28
Q

What regulates intracellular levels of ionic calcium, stores calcium & releases it on demand when the muscle fiber is stimulated to contract?

Pg 288

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

29
Q

Form larger, perpendicular cross channels at A band- I band junctions & always occur in pairs

Pg 288

A

Terminal Cisterns (“end sacs”)

30
Q

Tremendously increase the muscle fiber’s surface area

Pg 288

A

T Tubules

31
Q

At each A band- I band junction, the sarcolemma of the muscle cell protrudes deep into the cell interior, forming elongated tube

Pg 288

A

T Tubule

32
Q

3 membranous structures:
Terminal cistern, T Tubule, & terminal cistern

A

Triads

33
Q

Each T Tubule runs between the paired terminal cisterns of the SR forming what?

A

Triads

34
Q

Circles each Sarcomere

A

T Tubules

A&P (2 decks)

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