Chapter 9 Flashcards
Reform effort, generally centered in urban areas and begun in the early 1900s, whose aims included returning control of the government to the people, restoring economic opportunities, and correcting injustices in American life.
Progressive Movement
Advocate for improving the lives of women and children; appointed chief inspector of factories in Illinois; helped win passage of the Illinois factory act in 1893 which prohibited child labor and limited women’s working hours.
Florence Kelly
A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages.
Prohibition
Who is the writer or journalist of the early 1900s who uncovered shameful conditions in business and other areas of American life.
Muckraker
Hiring experts to study how goods could be produced more quickly.
Scientific Management
Progressive Republican who in Wisconsin, led the way in regulating big business. He made the railroad industry a major target. Nickname: “Fighting Bob”
Robert M. La Follette
Allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it.
Initiative
Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.
Recall
Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.
16th Amendment
Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.
17th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.
18th Amendment
Amendment to the US Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
19th Amendment
The right to vote
Suffrage
Author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906- wrote The Jungle
Upton Sinclair
This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
The Jungle
26th President of the United States, known for: Progressive Politics, conservationism, trust busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, “Square Deal,” Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
Theodore Roosevelt
President Theodore Roosevelt’s plan for reform; all Americans are untitled to an equal opportunity to succeed
Square Deal
1906- Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.
Meat Inspection Act
1906- the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs.
Pure Food and Drug Act
The preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources.
Conservation
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality.
NAACP
27th president of the US; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt’s support and was defeated for a second term.
William Howard Taft
A name given to the progressive party, formed to support Theodore Roosevelt’s candidacy for the presidency in 1912
Bull Moose Party
Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win
Election of 1912
28th President of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women’s suffrage (reluctantly,) Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win US ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize.
Woodrow Wilson
The efforts to end racial segregation
Civil Rights Movement (early 20th century)
Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881.
Booker T. Washington
Harvard professor; believed that African Americans should Strive for full rights immediately; founded the NAACP
W.E.B Du Bois
Corrected the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act; outlawed certain practices that restricted competition; unions on strike could no longer be considered violating the antitrust acts
Clayton Antitrust Act
A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy.
Federal Trade Commission
The system created by Congress in 1913 to. Establish banking practices and regulate currency in circulation and the amount of credit available. It consists of 12 regional banks supervised by the Board of Governors. Often called simply the Fed.
Federal Reserve System
An organization founded in 1890 to demand the vote for women.
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
(1820-1906) An early leader of the womens suffrage movement, co-founded the National Woman’s Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Candy Stanton in 1869
Susan B. Anthony
A woman’s suffrage leader, she was twice the president of the NAWSA. She was one of the main people attributed to woman’s suffrage.
Carrie Chapman Catt
Radical suffragist supporting protests against President Wilson and formed the National Woman’s Party (1885-1977)
Alice Paul
A group of militant suffragists who took to the streets with mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes to convince the government to give them the right to vote. Led by Alice Paul.
National Woman’s Party
Suzette LaFlesche
Native American Woman who spoke out for the Ponca people
Socialist Party candidate in 1912
Eugene V. Debs
The least pleasing candidate to reforms in the election of 1912
William H. Taft
The Progressive (Bull Moose) party candidate in 1912
Theodore Roosevelt
What led to the defeat of Taft in 1912?
His failure to unify the Republican Party
Due to the lack of educational opportunities in the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as
Servants
The first person to use the presidency as a “bully pulpit”
Theodore Roosevelt
Who was the Democratic Party candidate in 1912
Woodrow Wilson
Why was the key factor that increased educational opportunities for women during the Progressive Era?
New woman’s colleges establish
What Party supported small business and free market competition?
Democratic
Jobs held by women during the Progressive Era that required some type of education and skill set fit which group of people
Middle & upper class
This movement was given new strength by a growing number of college-educated women
Woman’s suffrage
This was intended to provide revenue lost by the lowering of tariffs
Income tax
This substantially reduced import taxes for the first time since the Civil War
Underwood Tariff
What states granted women the right to vote prior to the passage of the 19th Amendment?
Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Idaho
Who was head of the US Forest Service under President Roosevelt, favored a balanced approach concerning the private development and conservation of wilderness lands
Gifford Pinchot
This was settled when Roosevelt got involved in the negotiations
1902 coal miners strike
Calling for an end to capitalism, who was the Socialist presidential candidate who failed to capture any electoral votes in the 1912 election
Eugene V. Debs
What party supported government action to supervise big business, but did not oppose all big business monopolies
Progressive
What party favored big business, but worked to break up trusts
Republican
What did President Taft do that angered progressive supporters
Signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff
What strategies were employed by woman suffragists to obtain their goal?
Advocated a constitutional amendment, tested the fourteenth Amendment in court, convinced state legislatures to grant women the right to vote
Who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment
Ordinary citizens
Leader in the woman’s suffrage movement
Susan B. Anthony
What were the result of the introduction of the assembly line
Increased productivity, higher wages, reduced hours of the workday
What party felt that big business was evil and that the solution involved doing away with capitalism and distributing wealth
Socialist
What was the primary goal of the NAACP
Equality among the races
Under who did the progressive and conservative wings of the Republican Party begin to fragment
Taft
Who supported antitrust legislation, banking reform , and reduced tariffs under a progressive platform known as the New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson
What party advocated for a number of reforms including womens suffrage, an eight hour workday, and a federal low against child labor
Progressive Party
Strategies in order that the suffragists used to gain the right to vote for women
- Women tried to convince state legislatures to grant women the right to vote
- Women pursued court cases to test the Fourteenth Amendment
- Women pushed for a national constitutional amendment granting women the vote
Who was the Republican Party candidate in the 1912 election
William Howard Taft
Who were actively involved in securing the right to vote for women
Elizabeth Candy Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt
The progressive movement regarded what as worthy goals
Protecting social welfare, creating economic reform, fostering efficiency in the workplace
