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American History > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Reform effort, generally centered in urban areas and begun in the early 1900s, whose aims included returning control of the government to the people, restoring economic opportunities, and correcting injustices in American life.

A

Progressive Movement

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2
Q

Advocate for improving the lives of women and children; appointed chief inspector of factories in Illinois; helped win passage of the Illinois factory act in 1893 which prohibited child labor and limited women’s working hours.

A

Florence Kelly

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3
Q

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages.

A

Prohibition

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4
Q

Who is the writer or journalist of the early 1900s who uncovered shameful conditions in business and other areas of American life.

A

Muckraker

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5
Q

Hiring experts to study how goods could be produced more quickly.

A

Scientific Management

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6
Q

Progressive Republican who in Wisconsin, led the way in regulating big business. He made the railroad industry a major target. Nickname: “Fighting Bob”

A

Robert M. La Follette

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7
Q

Allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it.

A

Initiative

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8
Q

Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.

A

Recall

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9
Q

Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

A

16th Amendment

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10
Q

Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

A

17th Amendment

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11
Q

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.

A

18th Amendment

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12
Q

Amendment to the US Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

A

19th Amendment

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13
Q

The right to vote

A

Suffrage

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14
Q

Author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906- wrote The Jungle

A

Upton Sinclair

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15
Q

This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.

A

The Jungle

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16
Q

26th President of the United States, known for: Progressive Politics, conservationism, trust busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, “Square Deal,” Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War

A

Theodore Roosevelt

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17
Q

President Theodore Roosevelt’s plan for reform; all Americans are untitled to an equal opportunity to succeed

A

Square Deal

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18
Q

1906- Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.

A

Meat Inspection Act

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19
Q

1906- the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs.

A

Pure Food and Drug Act

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20
Q

The preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources.

A

Conservation

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21
Q

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality.

A

NAACP

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22
Q

27th president of the US; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt’s support and was defeated for a second term.

A

William Howard Taft

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23
Q

A name given to the progressive party, formed to support Theodore Roosevelt’s candidacy for the presidency in 1912

A

Bull Moose Party

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24
Q

Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win

A

Election of 1912

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25
Q

28th President of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women’s suffrage (reluctantly,) Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win US ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize.

A

Woodrow Wilson

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26
Q

The efforts to end racial segregation

A

Civil Rights Movement (early 20th century)

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27
Q

Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881.

A

Booker T. Washington

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28
Q

Harvard professor; believed that African Americans should Strive for full rights immediately; founded the NAACP

A

W.E.B Du Bois

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29
Q

Corrected the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act; outlawed certain practices that restricted competition; unions on strike could no longer be considered violating the antitrust acts

A

Clayton Antitrust Act

30
Q

A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy.

A

Federal Trade Commission

31
Q

The system created by Congress in 1913 to. Establish banking practices and regulate currency in circulation and the amount of credit available. It consists of 12 regional banks supervised by the Board of Governors. Often called simply the Fed.

A

Federal Reserve System

32
Q

An organization founded in 1890 to demand the vote for women.

A

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

33
Q

(1820-1906) An early leader of the womens suffrage movement, co-founded the National Woman’s Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Candy Stanton in 1869

A

Susan B. Anthony

34
Q

A woman’s suffrage leader, she was twice the president of the NAWSA. She was one of the main people attributed to woman’s suffrage.

A

Carrie Chapman Catt

35
Q

Radical suffragist supporting protests against President Wilson and formed the National Woman’s Party (1885-1977)

A

Alice Paul

36
Q

A group of militant suffragists who took to the streets with mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes to convince the government to give them the right to vote. Led by Alice Paul.

A

National Woman’s Party

37
Q

Suzette LaFlesche

A

Native American Woman who spoke out for the Ponca people

38
Q

Socialist Party candidate in 1912

A

Eugene V. Debs

39
Q

The least pleasing candidate to reforms in the election of 1912

A

William H. Taft

40
Q

The Progressive (Bull Moose) party candidate in 1912

A

Theodore Roosevelt

41
Q

What led to the defeat of Taft in 1912?

A

His failure to unify the Republican Party

42
Q

Due to the lack of educational opportunities in the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as

A

Servants

43
Q

The first person to use the presidency as a “bully pulpit”

A

Theodore Roosevelt

44
Q

Who was the Democratic Party candidate in 1912

A

Woodrow Wilson

45
Q

Why was the key factor that increased educational opportunities for women during the Progressive Era?

A

New woman’s colleges establish

46
Q

What Party supported small business and free market competition?

A

Democratic

47
Q

Jobs held by women during the Progressive Era that required some type of education and skill set fit which group of people

A

Middle & upper class

48
Q

This movement was given new strength by a growing number of college-educated women

A

Woman’s suffrage

49
Q

This was intended to provide revenue lost by the lowering of tariffs

A

Income tax

50
Q

This substantially reduced import taxes for the first time since the Civil War

A

Underwood Tariff

51
Q

What states granted women the right to vote prior to the passage of the 19th Amendment?

A

Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Idaho

52
Q

Who was head of the US Forest Service under President Roosevelt, favored a balanced approach concerning the private development and conservation of wilderness lands

A

Gifford Pinchot

53
Q

This was settled when Roosevelt got involved in the negotiations

A

1902 coal miners strike

54
Q

Calling for an end to capitalism, who was the Socialist presidential candidate who failed to capture any electoral votes in the 1912 election

A

Eugene V. Debs

55
Q

What party supported government action to supervise big business, but did not oppose all big business monopolies

A

Progressive

56
Q

What party favored big business, but worked to break up trusts

A

Republican

57
Q

What did President Taft do that angered progressive supporters

A

Signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff

58
Q

What strategies were employed by woman suffragists to obtain their goal?

A

Advocated a constitutional amendment, tested the fourteenth Amendment in court, convinced state legislatures to grant women the right to vote

59
Q

Who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment

A

Ordinary citizens

60
Q

Leader in the woman’s suffrage movement

A

Susan B. Anthony

61
Q

What were the result of the introduction of the assembly line

A

Increased productivity, higher wages, reduced hours of the workday

62
Q

What party felt that big business was evil and that the solution involved doing away with capitalism and distributing wealth

A

Socialist

63
Q

What was the primary goal of the NAACP

A

Equality among the races

64
Q

Under who did the progressive and conservative wings of the Republican Party begin to fragment

A

Taft

65
Q

Who supported antitrust legislation, banking reform , and reduced tariffs under a progressive platform known as the New Freedom

A

Woodrow Wilson

66
Q

What party advocated for a number of reforms including womens suffrage, an eight hour workday, and a federal low against child labor

A

Progressive Party

67
Q

Strategies in order that the suffragists used to gain the right to vote for women

A
  1. Women tried to convince state legislatures to grant women the right to vote
  2. Women pursued court cases to test the Fourteenth Amendment
  3. Women pushed for a national constitutional amendment granting women the vote
68
Q

Who was the Republican Party candidate in the 1912 election

A

William Howard Taft

69
Q

Who were actively involved in securing the right to vote for women

A

Elizabeth Candy Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt

70
Q

The progressive movement regarded what as worthy goals

A

Protecting social welfare, creating economic reform, fostering efficiency in the workplace

American History (3 decks)

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