chapter 9

Question 1

demography

Answer 1

the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations

Question 2

age structure

Answer 2

is the distribution of people of various ages. it is a useful tool for social scientists, public health and health care experts. policy analysts, and policy-makers because it illustrates population trends like rates of births and deaths

Question 3

survivorship

Answer 3

the state or condition of being a survivor

Question 4

fertility rate

Answer 4

is the number of children born alive to women of that age during the year as a proportion of the average

Question 5

migration

Answer 5

seasonal movement of animals from one region to another

Question 6

life expectancy

Answer 6

the average period that a person may expect to live

Question 7

demographic transition

Answer 7

a concept in demography that elucidates the transition from high to low birth and death rates as a country or a region develops from a preindustrial to an industrialized economic system

Question 8

infrastructure

Answer 8

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise

Question 9

arable land

Answer 9

capable of producing crops suitable for farming suited to the plow and for tillage

Question 10

urbanization

Answer 10

the process of making an area more urban

Question 11

least developed countries

Answer 11

are underdeveloped countries that face significant structural challenges to sustainable development