Chapter 9

Question 1

Primitive and Secondary Atmospheres

Answer 1

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Question 2

Atmspheric retention

Answer 2

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Question 3

Molecular speed

Answer 3

The molecules in this room do not all move at the same speed even though the air in the room is essentially at a constant temperature. When molecules collide, one molecule can emerge from the collision with an increased speed and the other a decreased speed. (Energy is conserved, but speed is not.) Molecules are constantly colliding, and their speeds are constantly changing. For a huge collection of molecules, like the air in a room, it is possible to determine the distribution of speeds for a given temperature. This speed distribution is called the Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution after the two Nineteenth Century physicists who derived it, and it is illustrated on the following page.

Question 4

escape speed

Answer 4

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Question 5

Source of Earth’s water

Answer 5

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Question 6

Kuipar belt

Answer 6

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Question 7

greenhouse effect

Answer 7

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