Chapter 9&10 - Algorithm Design And Program Solving + Data Types & Structures

Question 1

Abstraction

Answer 1

The process of extracting information that is essential while ignoring what is not relevant for the provision of a solution

Question 2

Decomposition

Answer 2

The process of breaking a complex problem down into smaller parts

Question 3

Pattern recognition

Answer 3

Identification of parts of a problem that are similar and could use the same solution

Question 4

Structured English

Answer 4

Method of showing the logical steps in an algorithm, using an agreed subset of straightforward English words for commands and mathematical operations

Question 5

Flowchart

Answer 5

Diagrammatic representation of an algorithm

Question 6

Algorithm

Answer 6

Ordered set of steps to be followed in the completion of a task

Question 7

Pseudocode

Answer 7

Method of showing the detailed logical steps in an algorithm, using key words, identifiers with meaningful names, and mathematical operators

Question 8

Stepwise refinement

Answer 8

The practice of subdividing each part of a larger problem into a series of smaller parts, and so on, as required

Question 9

Benefits of abstraction (3)

Answer 9

Time required to develop the program is reduced so the program can be delivered to the customer more quickly
Program is smaller in size so takes up less space in memory and download times are shortened
Customer satisfaction is greater as their requirements are met without any irrelevant features

Question 10

Process of abstraction (3)

Answer 10

Identify purpose of the model of the situation
Identify sources of information
Use information gathered from appropriate sources to identify what details aren’t necessary and need to be removed

Question 11

Data type

Answer 11

Classification attributed to an item of data, which determines the types of value it can take and how it can be used

Question 12

Identifier

Answer 12

Unique name applied to an item of data

Question 13

Record (data type)

Answer 13

Composite data type constructed using several of the basic data types available in a particular programming language

Question 14

Array

Answer 14

Data structure containing several elements of the same data type

Question 15

Index [array]

Answer 15

Numerical indicator of an item of data’s position in an array

Question 16

Lower bound

Answer 16

Index of the first element in an array, usually 1 or 0

Question 17

Upper bound

Answer 17

Index of the last element in an array

Question 18

Linear search

Answer 18

Method of searching in which each element of an array is checked in order to

Question 19

Bubble sort

Answer 19

Method of sorting data in an array into alphabetical/numerical order items and swapping them if they are in the wrong order

Question 20

File

Answer 20

Collection of data stored by a computer program to be used again

Question 21

ADT

Answer 21

Abstract data type
Collection of data and a set of operations on that data

Question 22

Stack

Answer 22

List containing several items operating on the last in, first out principle

Question 23

Queue

Answer 23

List containing several items operating on the first in, first out principle

Question 24

Linked list

Answer 24

List containing several items in which each item in the list points to the next item in the list

Question 25

Basic data types (6)

Answer 25

String
Boolean
Char
Date
Integer
Real

Question 26

Uses of stacks (3)

Answer 26

Memory management
Expression evaluation
Backtracking in recursion

Question 27

Uses of queues (3)

Answer 27

Management of files sent to a printer
Buffers used with keyboards
Scheduling

Question 28

Uses of linked lists (3)

Answer 28

Using arrays to implement a stack
Using arrays to implement a queue
Using arrays to implement a binary tree

Question 29

3 ADTs

Answer 29

Linked lists
Stacks
Queues