Chapter 9,10,11 Flashcards
Extrinsic motivation
Person who performs an action because it leads to and outcome that is separate from the person
Intrinsic motivation
Person performs a action because the act itself is fun, rewarding, challenging, or satisfying in some internal manner
Instincts
Early attempts to understand motivation focused on the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior
Need
Requirement of some material (such as food of
Water) that is essential for survival of the organism
Drive redux theory
Proposes connection between internal physiological states and outward behavior.
Primary drives
Involves survival needs of the body such as hunger and thirst
Motivation
The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so That physical or psychological needs or wants met
Secondary drives
Those that are learned through experience or conditioning (such as the need for money or social approval
Sensation seeker (zuckerman)
Need more complex and varies sensory experiences than do other people
Incentive approaches
Behavior is explained in terms of the external stimulus and it’s rewarding properties
Peak experiences
Time in a persons life. In which self actualization is achieved, at least temporarily
Self determination theory (Richard Ryan & Ed Deci)
3 needs that help ppl gain a complete sense of self , and healthy relations with others
3self determination theory needs
- autonomy(need to be in control of own behavior and goals)
- competence (able to master challenging task)
- relatedness(feel a sense of belonging, intimacy)
Hormonal influences
-insulin (reduces lvl)
-glucagon (increases lvl)
(Hormones secreted by panreas to control levels of fat, protein,carbs )
Weight set point
The hypothalamus affects the particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain
Metabolism
Speed at which the body burns available energy and exercise also play a part in the weight set Point
Basal metabolic rate
Rate at which the body burbs energy when a person is resting
Obesity
Condition which the body weight of a person is 20 % or more over the ideal body whefjt for the persons height
Emotion
The feeling aspect of consciousness, characterized by 3 elements
3 elements of emotion
- certain physical arousal
- certain behavior that reveals the feeling to the outside world
- inner awareness of the feeling
Display rules
Learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings
Label
A matter of retrieving memories of previous similar experiences, per robing the context of the emotion, and coming up with a solution (Also called known as cognitive element)
Cannon card theory of emotion
Emotion and the physiological arousal occur more or less at the same time
Cognitive arousal theory (two factor theory)
Two things happened before the emotion occurs:
- physical arousal
- labeling if the stops all based in cues from the surrounding environment
Cognitive mediation so theory ( Lazarus)
Most important aspect of emotional experience is how the person interpreted, or appraises, the stimulus that causes the emotional reaction
Facial feedback hypothesis(buck )
Assumes that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn intensifies the emotion but also actually causes the emotion
Primary sex characteristics
Human reproduction system
Secondary Sec. Characteristics
Develop during puberty and are only indirectly involved in human reproduction
Menarche
First menstrual cycle a woman experiences (around the age of 12)
Mammary glands
Glands in the breast that are capable of producing milk for an infant and when the menstrual cycle begins
androgen
A gene on the Y chromosome of males that causes gonads to release testosterone
Estrogen
Female hormones
Intersexual or intersexed
Between sexes or wen a infant born, sex is unclear (also similar to hermaphroditism)
Gender roles
Cultures expectation of a person who is perceived as male or female, including attitude, action, and traits similar to specific gender in within the culture
Gender dysphoria
Person experiences gender incongruence
Functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI)
A brain scanning technique
Gender schema theory
Gender role development that combines social learning theory with conflictive development
Stereotype
A concept that can be held about a person or group of people that is based on very superficial characteristics
Gender stereotype
A concept about males or females that assigns various characteristics to them on the basis of nothing more than being a female or male
Sexism
Prejudice about females and males
Benevolent sexism
Prejudice that is more socially acceptable but still leads to men and women being treated unequally
Androgyny (Sandra Bem)
Describes a characteristic of people who personalities reflect the characteristics of both male and female (regardless of Gender)
Sexual response phase 1
Excitement (usually 1 min to several hours and body changes such as nipples harden and penis hard
Sexual response phase 2
Plateau (physical changes continue but more severe)
Sexual response phase 3
Orgasm (
