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Psychology 201 > Chapter 9,10,11 > Flashcards

Chapter 9,10,11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Person who performs an action because it leads to and outcome that is separate from the person

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2
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Person performs a action because the act itself is fun, rewarding, challenging, or satisfying in some internal manner

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3
Q

Instincts

A

Early attempts to understand motivation focused on the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior

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4
Q

Need

A

Requirement of some material (such as food of

Water) that is essential for survival of the organism

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5
Q

Drive redux theory

A

Proposes connection between internal physiological states and outward behavior.

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6
Q

Primary drives

A

Involves survival needs of the body such as hunger and thirst

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7
Q

Motivation

A

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so That physical or psychological needs or wants met

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8
Q

Secondary drives

A

Those that are learned through experience or conditioning (such as the need for money or social approval

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9
Q

Sensation seeker (zuckerman)

A

Need more complex and varies sensory experiences than do other people

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10
Q

Incentive approaches

A

Behavior is explained in terms of the external stimulus and it’s rewarding properties

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11
Q

Peak experiences

A

Time in a persons life. In which self actualization is achieved, at least temporarily

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12
Q

Self determination theory (Richard Ryan & Ed Deci)

A

3 needs that help ppl gain a complete sense of self , and healthy relations with others

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13
Q

3self determination theory needs

A
  • autonomy(need to be in control of own behavior and goals)
  • competence (able to master challenging task)
  • relatedness(feel a sense of belonging, intimacy)
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14
Q

Hormonal influences

A

-insulin (reduces lvl)
-glucagon (increases lvl)
(Hormones secreted by panreas to control levels of fat, protein,carbs )

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15
Q

Weight set point

A

The hypothalamus affects the particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain

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16
Q

Metabolism

A

Speed at which the body burns available energy and exercise also play a part in the weight set Point

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17
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

Rate at which the body burbs energy when a person is resting

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18
Q

Obesity

A

Condition which the body weight of a person is 20 % or more over the ideal body whefjt for the persons height

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19
Q

Emotion

A

The feeling aspect of consciousness, characterized by 3 elements

20
Q

3 elements of emotion

A
  • certain physical arousal
  • certain behavior that reveals the feeling to the outside world
  • inner awareness of the feeling
21
Q

Display rules

A

Learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings

22
Q

Label

A

A matter of retrieving memories of previous similar experiences, per robing the context of the emotion, and coming up with a solution (Also called known as cognitive element)

23
Q

Cannon card theory of emotion

A

Emotion and the physiological arousal occur more or less at the same time

24
Q

Cognitive arousal theory (two factor theory)

A

Two things happened before the emotion occurs:

  • physical arousal
  • labeling if the stops all based in cues from the surrounding environment
25
Q

Cognitive mediation so theory ( Lazarus)

A

Most important aspect of emotional experience is how the person interpreted, or appraises, the stimulus that causes the emotional reaction

26
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis(buck )

A

Assumes that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn intensifies the emotion but also actually causes the emotion

27
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Human reproduction system

28
Q

Secondary Sec. Characteristics

A

Develop during puberty and are only indirectly involved in human reproduction

29
Q

Menarche

A

First menstrual cycle a woman experiences (around the age of 12)

30
Q

Mammary glands

A

Glands in the breast that are capable of producing milk for an infant and when the menstrual cycle begins

31
Q

androgen

A

A gene on the Y chromosome of males that causes gonads to release testosterone

32
Q

Estrogen

A

Female hormones

33
Q

Intersexual or intersexed

A

Between sexes or wen a infant born, sex is unclear (also similar to hermaphroditism)

34
Q

Gender roles

A

Cultures expectation of a person who is perceived as male or female, including attitude, action, and traits similar to specific gender in within the culture

35
Q

Gender dysphoria

A

Person experiences gender incongruence

36
Q

Functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI)

A

A brain scanning technique

37
Q

Gender schema theory

A

Gender role development that combines social learning theory with conflictive development

38
Q

Stereotype

A

A concept that can be held about a person or group of people that is based on very superficial characteristics

39
Q

Gender stereotype

A

A concept about males or females that assigns various characteristics to them on the basis of nothing more than being a female or male

40
Q

Sexism

A

Prejudice about females and males

41
Q

Benevolent sexism

A

Prejudice that is more socially acceptable but still leads to men and women being treated unequally

42
Q

Androgyny (Sandra Bem)

A

Describes a characteristic of people who personalities reflect the characteristics of both male and female (regardless of Gender)

43
Q

Sexual response phase 1

A

Excitement (usually 1 min to several hours and body changes such as nipples harden and penis hard

44
Q

Sexual response phase 2

A

Plateau (physical changes continue but more severe)

45
Q

Sexual response phase 3

A

Orgasm (

Psychology 201 (2 decks)

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