Chapter 5,7,8,9 Flashcards
Behavior potential
Behavior changes that are temp. Due to things like drugs, alcohol, etc (not learned)
Classical conditioning (Pavlov)
Reflex response to a stimuli other than the original, natural response
Operant conditioning (b.F. Skinner)
Learning of voluntary behavior thru the effects pleasant and unpleasant consequences
Primary reinforcer
Stimulus that naturally strengthens any response that precedes it. (Food, water,sex)
Secondary/conditioned reinforcer
A previous neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to strengthen
Punishment
To decrease the frequency or prob. Of a response occurring again.
Positive(punish)
Presentation of an aversive stimulus to decrease the prob. Of an operant response reoccurring shaking
Negative (punish)
The removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease the probability of an operant response occurring again
Disadvantages of punishment
- severe punish-may cause child to avoid punisher
- ‘may encourage lying
- creates fear and anxiety
- a successful model for aggression
- encourages subversive behavior
Cognitive Learning Theory
- latent learning : remains hidden
- insight learning: a sudden perception of relations. Among various parts of the problem
- learned helplessness; the tendency to fail to escape from a situation because of historical repeated failures
Memory
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
Emotional intelligence
Being able to control emotions due to past experience
Intelligence test
- Stanford Binet and iq
- Weschler text :Wisc (child), Wppsi(prek), and WAIS (adult)
Wisdom
Application of intelligence toward a common good
Nature v. Nurture
Nature :the influence of our inherited characteristics
Nurture:the influ. Of the environ.
Changes occur in people as they age from conception to death
- longitudual designs
- cross sectional designs
- cross sequential designs
Cognitive development (thinking, problem solving, memory)
4 stages
- sensorimotor stage
- pre operational stage (language)
- concrete stage(kids thoughts process but not abstract)
- formal operations stage (abstract)
Motivation
The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs are met
Extrinsic motivation
Person performs a action cause it leads to an outcome that is seperated from or external to person
Intrinsic motivation.
Person performs an action cause the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in Some internal manner.
Characteristics of 3 kinds of needs
-need of achieve (strong desire to succeed)
-need for affiliation (seeked 2 be liked by others )
Need for power (influences over others)
Drive
A psychological and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension
Drive reduction theory
Approached to motivation that assumes behavior arises from psycho needs that cause internal drives to push the otganisn to satisfy the news and redux. Tension And arousal
Primary drive
Those drives that includes need for the body (hunger and thirst)
Secondary drive
Those drives that’s are learned through experience or conditioning such as the need for money or social app.
Mallows hierarchy of needs
Self actulization Esteem needs Love and belongings Safety needs psychological need
Psychodynamic person./appro. (Freud)
Concept is the ID, ego, and. Super ego
Behavioral perspe./appro. (John B. Watson and b.f. Skinner)
Behaviors can be learned cr an approach called “conditioning “
Homeostasis
Tendency of the body to maintain a steady state
Mcclellands theory
- need for affiliation (likes by others)
- need for power (control over others)
- need for achievement desire to succeed)
Carol dweck self theory of motivation.
The need for achieve,. Is clisely linked wit personality factors including person view of self can affects the individual perception of the success or failures of their actions
Stimulus motive
One that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulations (I.e. Curiosity, playing, exploring
Arousal theory
People have a optimal (best or ideal) level of tension. (Such as task
Performance)
Learning
Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.
