Chapter 8b- Motivation And Emotion

Question 0

James-Lange theory

Answer 0

The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

A response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience

Question 2

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 2

The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

Question 3

Two-factor theory

Answer 3

The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Question 4

Polygraph

Answer 4

A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion

Question 5

Facial feedback

Answer 5

The effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness

Question 6

Catharsis

Answer 6

Emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges.

Question 7

Feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 7

People’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Question 8

Well-being

Answer 8

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being to evaluate people’s quality of life.

Question 9

Adaption-level phenomenon

Answer 9

Our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 10

Relative deprivation

Answer 10

The perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

Question 11

Behavioral medicine

Answer 11

A interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease

Question 12

Health psychology

Answer 12

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 13

Stress

Answer 13

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

Question 14

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 14

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases- alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 15

Coronary heart disease

Answer 15

The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America

Question 16

Type A

Answer 16

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Question 17

Type B

Answer 17

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

Question 18

Psychophysiological illness

Answer 18

Literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

Question 19

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Answer 19

The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Question 20

Lymphocytes

Answer 20

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.