Chapter 8.4 Flashcards
What carries DNA’s instructions?
RNA
What converts a gene into a single strand RNA molecule?
Transcription
What does the central dogma state?
Information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to PROTEINS.
How many processes does the central dogma include?
3
What are the three processes of the central dogma?
- Replication
- Transcription
- Translation
What is RNA the link between?
DNA and Proteins
What are the three major ways RNA differs from DNA?
- RNA has a ribose sugar
- RNA has uracil instead of thymine
- RNA is a single stranded structure
Why does transcription copy DNA?
To make a strand of RNA.
What is transcription catalyzed by?
RNA Polymerase.
What happens in a RNA polymerase?
- RNA polymerase and other proteins form a transcription complex.
- The transcription complex recognizes the start of a gene and unwinds a segment of it.
- Nucleotides pair with one strand of the DNA.
- RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together.
- The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed.
- The RNA detaches from the DNA once the gene is transcribed.
How many types of RNA does transcription make?
3 types of RNA
What are the 3 types of RNA and their jobs?
messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein.
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made.
transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome.
What is the transcription process similar to?
Replication.
What does both transcription and replication involve?
complex enzymes and and complementary base pairing.
What does replication do?
Copies all the DNA; makes one copy.
What does transcription do?
Copies a gene; can make many copies.
What are the characteristics of DNA?
- deoxyribose sugar
- double stranded
- made of nucleotides
A-T
G-C
What are the characteristics of RNA?
- ribose sugar
- single stranded
- made of nucleotides
A-U (T-A)
G-C
