chapter 8 week 4 deviance and social control Flashcards
(p. 189) the authorities and social institutions that enforce norms and rules, attempt to prevent rule violations, and identify and punish rule violators.
agents of social control
(p. 196) the death penalty.
capital punishment
(p. 176) the shared norms, beliefs, and values in a community.
collective conscience
(p. 189) a theory that suggests that our behavior is regulated by the strength of our connection to major social institutions, including family, school, and religion.
control theory
(p. 192) deviant behavior that violates a law.
crime
(p. 193) statistics that measure the incidence of crime in relation to population size.
crime rates
(p. 193) the process of making an illegal action legal.
decriminalization
(p. 175) behavior that does not conform to basic cultural norms and expectations.
deviance
(p. 181) a group in which membership is based on a shared commitment to specific nonconformist beliefs or behaviors.
deviant subculture
(p. 181) the theory that deviance is learned through interaction with other people involved in deviant behavior.
differential association theory
(p. 177) the theory that deviance is the result of how others interpret a behavior and that individuals who are labeled deviant often internalize this judgment as part of their self-identity.
labeling theory
(p. 182) the activities of individuals who commit deviant acts without the social support of other participants.
loner deviance
(p. 180) the designation of a deviant behavior as an illness that can be treated by medical professionals.
medicalization of deviance
(p. 186) a shift in cultural norms in which previously deviant behaviors become accepted as conventional.
normalization
(p. 186) following cultural expectations to an excessive degree.
overconformity
positive deviance (p. 186) overconformity that gets a favorable response.
positive deviance
recidivism (p. 196) a return to criminal behavior.
recidivism
secondary deviance (p. 177) deviant behavior that is a response to the negative consequences of labeling.
secondary deviance
social control (p. 189) the incentives and punishments that promote conformity in social life.
social control
(p. 177) the shame attached to a behavior or status that is considered socially unacceptable or discrediting.
stigma
strain theory (p. 182) a theory that emphasizes that the strain or pressure on those who lack the means to achieve culturally defined goals leads them to pursue deviant routes to success.
strain theory
surveillance (p. 189) monitoring by authorities who police the boundaries of what is normal.
surveillance