chapter 8 week 4 deviance and social control

Question 1

(p. 189) the authorities and social institutions that enforce norms and rules, attempt to prevent rule violations, and identify and punish rule violators.

Answer 1

agents of social control

Question 2

(p. 196) the death penalty.

Answer 2

capital punishment

Question 3

(p. 176) the shared norms, beliefs, and values in a community.

Answer 3

collective conscience

Question 4

(p. 189) a theory that suggests that our behavior is regulated by the strength of our connection to major social institutions, including family, school, and religion.

Answer 4

control theory

Question 5

(p. 192) deviant behavior that violates a law.

Answer 5

crime

Question 6

(p. 193) statistics that measure the incidence of crime in relation to population size.

Answer 6

crime rates

Question 7

(p. 193) the process of making an illegal action legal.

Answer 7

decriminalization

Question 8

(p. 175) behavior that does not conform to basic cultural norms and expectations.

Answer 8

deviance

Question 9

(p. 181) a group in which membership is based on a shared commitment to specific nonconformist beliefs or behaviors.

Answer 9

deviant subculture

Question 10

(p. 181) the theory that deviance is learned through interaction with other people involved in deviant behavior.

Answer 10

differential association theory

Question 11

(p. 177) the theory that deviance is the result of how others interpret a behavior and that individuals who are labeled deviant often internalize this judgment as part of their self-identity.

Answer 11

labeling theory

Question 12

(p. 182) the activities of individuals who commit deviant acts without the social support of other participants.

Answer 12

loner deviance

Question 13

(p. 180) the designation of a deviant behavior as an illness that can be treated by medical professionals.

Answer 13

medicalization of deviance

Question 14

(p. 186) a shift in cultural norms in which previously deviant behaviors become accepted as conventional.

Answer 14

normalization

Question 15

(p. 186) following cultural expectations to an excessive degree.

Answer 15

overconformity

Question 16

positive deviance (p. 186) overconformity that gets a favorable response.

Answer 16

positive deviance

Question 17

recidivism (p. 196) a return to criminal behavior.

Answer 17

recidivism

Question 18

secondary deviance (p. 177) deviant behavior that is a response to the negative consequences of labeling.

Answer 18

secondary deviance

Question 19

social control (p. 189) the incentives and punishments that promote conformity in social life.

Answer 19

social control

Question 20

(p. 177) the shame attached to a behavior or status that is considered socially unacceptable or discrediting.

Answer 20

stigma

Question 21

strain theory (p. 182) a theory that emphasizes that the strain or pressure on those who lack the means to achieve culturally defined goals leads them to pursue deviant routes to success.

Answer 21

strain theory

Question 22

surveillance (p. 189) monitoring by authorities who police the boundaries of what is normal.

Answer 22

surveillance