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ITM 3060 Information Technology Management > Chapter 8 Web-Enabled Enterpise > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Web-Enabled Enterpise Flashcards

1
Q

HTTP

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to transfer and download web information

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2
Q

HTTPS

A

HTTPS (HTTP Secure) for confidential data exchange

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3
Q

URL

A

Uniform Resource Locator (URL): unique address given to each web site

  • IP address: a special numeric address
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4
Q

Domain name

A

unique name for a web site, constructed with letters

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5
Q

TLD

A

Top-level domain (TLD): last part of URL

ie; .edu, .org

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6
Q

HTML

A

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): helps developer create Web pages

-Determines look and location of content

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7
Q

XML

A

Extensible Markup Language (XML): enables creation of various data types

  • Conveys the meaning or content of the data
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8
Q

XHTML

A

combination of XML and HTML

  • Uses opening and closing tags to control format
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9
Q

HTML5

A

newest version of HTML/XML

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10
Q

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol (FTP): transmits whole files

  • Facilitates downloads from websites
  • Can transfer any type of file
  • Can place files on a server for shared use
  • Convenient for retrieving large files exceeding an email system’s size limits
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11
Q

Blog

A

contraction of “web log”

  • Invites surfers to post opinions and art
  • Focuses on a topic or set of topics
  • Blogs are often used by businesses
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12
Q

Trackback

A

a tool that notifies bloggers when their posts have been mentioned elsewhere on the web

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13
Q

Importance of blogs to commercial organizations

A

to find out what blog participants think and say about the organization

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14
Q

Wiki

A

(from Hawaiian, meaning “quick”): web application that enables users to add to and edit the contents of web pages

  • All the software required to edit the web pages is embedded in the pages themselves
  • Wikipedia: a popular online encyclopedia
  • Wiki technology is a popular ingredient in groupware (software used for collaboration)
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15
Q

Podcast

A

publishing sound and video on the web for download

  • Usually on a subscription basis
  • Variety of content
  • Many podcast media files are free
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16
Q

Some uses of Podcasts

A
  • “Time-shifted” broadcast of radio station programs for later listening
  • Audio tours in museums
  • Lectures in distance learning courses
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17
Q

MOOC

A

Massive open online course (MOOC): new education delivery combining traditional course materials with interactive forums for educators and students

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18
Q

IM

A

Interactive Communication Technology

Instant messaging (IM): “real-time email”

  • Chat room: communicate w/ a group
  • Software applications w/ expanded communication tools
    • Skype
    • ooVoo
    • Wiggio
- Some free applications for IM:
AIM: AOL instant Messenger
   - Yahoo! Messenger
   - MSN Messenger
   - ICQ
  • Business uses include sales and support
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19
Q

Cookie

A

small file that stores information about a web site visitor, stored on the visitor’s computer

  • Records the surfer’s ID
  • Stores the surfer’s preferences
  • Provides convenience to consumers
  • Can be temporary (single session) or permanent
  • Potential for intrusion into surfer privacy
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20
Q

Clickstream tracking

A

tracks a surfer’s clicking activities

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21
Q

Spyware

A

traces and reports online behavior

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22
Q

Proprietary technology

A

intellectual property of developer; not free for all to use

Examples:

  • Local search engine
  • Shopping cart applications
  • Wish lists
  • Video streaming tools
  • Tools to analyze and predict web visitor behavior, especially shopper behavior
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23
Q

B2B

A

Business-to-business

trading between businesses only

include advertising through:

Search advertising: advertisements placed on a search site result page

Banners: images placed on web sites that link to a company site selling a product or service

Impression: occurs when a page with a banner is downloaded

Reach percentage: the percentage of web users who visited a site in the past month

Search engine optimization (
SEO): influences the major search engines to rank an online search entry higher

Intranet: network used only by employees of an organization

Extranet: network shared by employees of different organizations, e.g., business partners

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24
Q

B2C

A

Business-to-consumer: trading with the general public
E-tailing: online retailing to consumers
- Extends brick-and-mortar businesses’ “storefront”

  • Pure play retailers operate only online
  • Fulfillment activities: picking, packing, shipping
  • Consumer profiling: know customers better by gathering information about their online activities
    • Some consider this a violation of privacy
  • Many online businesses offer affiliate programs to website owners
    • Link to the e-tailer is placed at the website
  • Affiliate compensation
    • Pay per sale, pay per click, or pay per lead
  • Coopetition: step beyond affiliates with competitors featured at the same site (example: Amazon.com)
    • Attracts more shoppers to the site
    • Fees obtained from affiliated companies
  • Mobile advertising growing due to smartphone and network adoption
  • Auction sites: a hub for consumers to buy and sell (example: eBay)
  • Reverse auction (or name-your-own-price auction)
    • Example: Priceline
  • Content providers: offer information (news, research results, statistics, etc.) or artistic work (music, pictures, and video clips)
  • Electronic bill presentment and payment (EBBP): provides online bills and payment options for customers
  • Phishing: type of fraud involving a fake web site
  • Extra-organizational workforce:
    Companies purchase labor from a larger pool
  • Crowdsourcing: a process for outsourcing a variety of tasks to a distributed group of people, both online or offline
  • Mobile commerce (or m-commerce): business conducted on mobile devices
    • Delivering context-specific information is a key mobile application
    • Allows mobile device users to experience an event and react immediately
  • M-commerce also raises privacy concerns
    • GPS provides location tracking
    • Identity theft is a threat
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25
Q

B2G

A

Business-to-government

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26
Q

C2C

A

Consumer-to-consumer, a form of B2C

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27
Q

Search advertising

A

advertisements placed on a search site result page

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28
Q

Banners

A

images placed on web sites that link to a company site selling a product or service

29
Q

Impression

A

occurs when a page with a banner is downloaded

30
Q

Reach percentage

A

the percentage of web users who visited a site in the past month

31
Q

SEO

A

Search engine optimization (SEO): influences the major search engines to rank an online search entry higher

32
Q

Intranet

A

network used only by employees of an organization

33
Q

Extranet

A

network shared by employees of different organizations, e.g., business partners

34
Q

B2B Trading

A

Exchange: extranet for organizations that deal in products and services of a particular type

  • Exchange operator profits from transaction fees
  • Limited to subscribers

Auction sells a great variety of items
- Buyer posts the information on what they need online for sellers to view and respond

Electronic marketplaces bring markets closer to perfect markets
- No single buyer or seller affects the price

35
Q

B2B Trading

Online business alliances

A

companies in the same industry—competitors—collaborate in establishing a website for one or several purposes

  • Create buying power by consolidating purchases
  • Create a single place for customers
  • Act as an auction site operated by a single company setting the prices of products and services
36
Q

Mobile commerce

A

Mobile commerce (or m-commerce): business conducted on mobile devices

  • Delivering context-specific information is a key mobile application
  • Allows mobile device users to experience an event and react immediately
37
Q

M-commerce also raises privacy concerns

A
  • GPS provides location tracking

- Identity theft is a threat

38
Q

Phishing

A

type of fraud involving a fake web site

  • Extra-organizational workforce:
    • Companies purchase labor from a larger pool
39
Q

Crowdsourcing

A

a process for outsourcing a variety of tasks to a distributed group of people, both online or offline

40
Q

Reverse auction

A

or name-your-own-price auction

Example: Priceline

41
Q

Social Media on the Web

A
  • Has widespread influence on consumers and business organizations
  • Popular social media: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Foursquare
  • Social media leveraged for:
    • Additional advertising
    • Brand and product exposure
    • Immediate communication with consumers

-Social media strategies must be well-organized and coordinated

42
Q

Social media leveraged for

A
  • Additional advertising
  • Brand and product exposure
  • Immediate communication with consumers
43
Q

Supply Chains on the Web

A

Supply chain management (SCM) systems may be connected to the Web to allow suppliers to participate directly
- XML allows companies to set standards for data exchange

  • Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): a system for electronic document exchange initially implemented through exchange value-added network (VAN) companies
    • Can be executed on the Internet
44
Q

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

A

a system for electronic document exchange initially implemented through exchange value-added network (VAN) companies
- Can be executed on the internet

45
Q

Options in Establishing a Website

A

Website: web pages that make up information and links to the site provider’s web technologies
To establish a web business, the company must have access to an Internet server and be able to control its contents

Internet server: a computer connected to the Internet backbone

Businesses’ choices for a website

  • Install and maintain their own web servers
  • Contract with a web hosting service
46
Q

Owning and Maintaining a Server

A

Considerations

  • Costly
  • Provides the greatest degree of control
  • Requires expertise to set up and maintain
  • Must obtain a high-speed link to the Web
  • Load balancing transfers data requests from a busy server to a less busy server
  • Mirror servers: servers with duplicated content and applications
    • Speed up and back up the process
47
Q

Load balancing

A

transfers data requests from a busy server to a less busy server

48
Q

Mirror servers

A

servers w/ duplicated content and applications

- Speed up and back up the process

49
Q

Web hosting

A

web server managing service
Types of web hosting

  • Shared hosting: stores the client’s Web site on the same physical server as other clients
  • Virtual private server hosting: simulates a single server, allowing a client to have its own domain name
  • Dedicated hosting: the client can fully control the content on a rented dedicated server’s disks
  • Co-location service: server owned and managed by a client is co-located with other clients’ servers in a secure physical location
50
Q

Shared hosting

A

stores the client’s Web site on the same physical server as other clients

51
Q

Virtual private server hosting

A

simulates a single server, allowing a client to have its own domain name

52
Q

Dedicated hosting

A

the client can fully control the content on a rented dedicated server’s disks

53
Q

Co-location service hosting

A

server owned and managed by a client is co-located with other clients’ servers in a secure physical location

54
Q

Considerations in Selecting a Web Host

A
  • Compare host vendors using a point system
  • Dynamic webpages: enable communication between shopper’s browser and the database
  • Content management systems: product for building and maintaining websites
55
Q

Dynamic webpages

A

enable communication between shopper’s browser and the database

56
Q

Content management systems

A

product for building and maintaining websites

57
Q

Factors to consider when selecting web host

A
  • Allows use of database management system
  • Storage space capacity
  • Technical and web site design support
  • Scalability
  • Security: physical and virtual
  • Availability: minimize downtime
  • Setup and monthly fees
58
Q

Elements that are essential to conducting business on the Web

A
  • Inquiry interface: connects to database to allow user to search a catalog of products or services
  • Order processing application
    Including credit-card verification application
  • Order-fulfillment system: picks, packs, and ships
59
Q

Rules for Successful Web-Based Business

A
  • Business success depends on availability and use of proper software
  • Elements needed to support B2C commerce
    • Targeting customers
    • Capturing the customer’s complete experience
    • Personalizing the service
    • Shortening the business cycle
    • Letting customers help themselves
    • Being proactive and preventing a product from becoming a commodity
60
Q

Elements needed to support B2C commerce

A
  • Targeting customers
  • Capturing the customer’s complete experience
  • Personalizing the service
  • Shortening the business cycle
  • Letting customers help themselves
  • Being proactive and preventing a product from becoming a commodity
61
Q

Target the Right Customers

A
  • Target customers needing your products and services
    • Most important effort of marketing
  • Identify the sites that your audience frequently visits
  • Consider blogs and podcasting sites for advertisement placement
62
Q

Capture the Customer’s Total Experience

A
  • Use cookies to record shopper’s movements within the site
  • Use CRM software to create consumer profiles
  • Shopper experience becomes an asset of business, allowing for:
    • Fine-tuning of the product portfolio
    • Tailoring of web pages to individual customers
    • Individual e-mails to shopper offering products of interest
63
Q

Personalize the Service

CRM software and web page customization software can be combined to:

A
  • Personalize web pages shown to a customer
  • Allow the customer to select the type of e-mail content desired
  • Respect visitor privacy by offering opt-in rather than opt-out
  • Allow the customer to tailor products to be purchased
64
Q

Shorten the Business Cycle

A
  • Customers like saving time via web business
  • Fulfillment is a major challenge for businesses
    • Activities after customer places order
  • Fast shipping is desired because:
    • It produces higher customer satisfaction
    • The business will collect payments faster
  • Can outsource the entire fulfillment task to fulfillment organizations such as:
    • UPS’s e-Logistics
    • FedEx’s Supply Chain Services
65
Q

Self-service concept

A

customer’s ability to determine the timing and services of their needs from a business organization through a website

  • Saves labor
  • Encourages customer loyalty
  • E-mail messages sent to customers with information about orders and how to track them
  • Online FAQs allow customers to find answers to common questions
66
Q

Commodity

A

a product sold at roughly the same price by many vendors (no differentiation)

67
Q

Proactive and De-Commoditize

A
  • Prompt e-mail replies expected
  • Proactive alerts expected for changes in orders or services, or product recalls
  • Automatic reordering features are desirable
  • Must take initiatives to de-commoditize products
    • Commodity: a product sold at roughly the same price by many vendors (no differentiation)
    • Addition of features or services prevents a product from becoming a commodity by creating differentiation
68
Q

E-Commerce is Every Commerce

A
  • Web technologies have been highly integrated into the business world
    • Difficult to identify which business activities are on the Internet and which are not
  • Web has been highly integrated into daily activities of customers also
  • Commerce and e-commerce generally have the same meaning today
69
Q

SUMMARY

A
  • Some industries have changed drastically due to web technologies
  • HTTP is an Internet standard controlling web server addresses
  • HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP
  • XML is a standard for description of data
  • Blogs enable people to create discussion Web pages
  • Cookies help websites personalize the visitor’s experience
  • Many web technologies are proprietary
  • A business can maintain its own web server or use a web hosting service
  • Organizations should consider several factors when selecting a web host
  • Web-enabled commerce is classified into B2B and B2C
  • B2B trading relies on electronic data interchange (EDI) and XML
  • Mobile commerce needs to be considered in any online business strategy
  • Online businesses must adhere to several factors to be successful
  • Spam and spyware are online annoyances
  • Phishing is a pervasive fraud crime

ITM 3060 Information Technology Management (6 decks)

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