Chapter 8 Web-Enabled Enterpise Flashcards
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to transfer and download web information
HTTPS
HTTPS (HTTP Secure) for confidential data exchange
URL
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): unique address given to each web site
- IP address: a special numeric address
Domain name
unique name for a web site, constructed with letters
TLD
Top-level domain (TLD): last part of URL
ie; .edu, .org
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): helps developer create Web pages
-Determines look and location of content
XML
Extensible Markup Language (XML): enables creation of various data types
- Conveys the meaning or content of the data
XHTML
combination of XML and HTML
- Uses opening and closing tags to control format
HTML5
newest version of HTML/XML
FTP
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): transmits whole files
- Facilitates downloads from websites
- Can transfer any type of file
- Can place files on a server for shared use
- Convenient for retrieving large files exceeding an email system’s size limits
Blog
contraction of “web log”
- Invites surfers to post opinions and art
- Focuses on a topic or set of topics
- Blogs are often used by businesses
Trackback
a tool that notifies bloggers when their posts have been mentioned elsewhere on the web
Importance of blogs to commercial organizations
to find out what blog participants think and say about the organization
Wiki
(from Hawaiian, meaning “quick”): web application that enables users to add to and edit the contents of web pages
- All the software required to edit the web pages is embedded in the pages themselves
- Wikipedia: a popular online encyclopedia
- Wiki technology is a popular ingredient in groupware (software used for collaboration)
Podcast
publishing sound and video on the web for download
- Usually on a subscription basis
- Variety of content
- Many podcast media files are free
Some uses of Podcasts
- “Time-shifted” broadcast of radio station programs for later listening
- Audio tours in museums
- Lectures in distance learning courses
MOOC
Massive open online course (MOOC): new education delivery combining traditional course materials with interactive forums for educators and students
IM
Interactive Communication Technology
Instant messaging (IM): “real-time email”
- Chat room: communicate w/ a group
- Software applications w/ expanded communication tools
- Skype
- ooVoo
- Wiggio
- Some free applications for IM: AIM: AOL instant Messenger - Yahoo! Messenger - MSN Messenger - ICQ
- Business uses include sales and support
Cookie
small file that stores information about a web site visitor, stored on the visitor’s computer
- Records the surfer’s ID
- Stores the surfer’s preferences
- Provides convenience to consumers
- Can be temporary (single session) or permanent
- Potential for intrusion into surfer privacy
Clickstream tracking
tracks a surfer’s clicking activities
Spyware
traces and reports online behavior
Proprietary technology
intellectual property of developer; not free for all to use
Examples:
- Local search engine
- Shopping cart applications
- Wish lists
- Video streaming tools
- Tools to analyze and predict web visitor behavior, especially shopper behavior
B2B
Business-to-business
trading between businesses only
include advertising through:
Search advertising: advertisements placed on a search site result page
Banners: images placed on web sites that link to a company site selling a product or service
Impression: occurs when a page with a banner is downloaded
Reach percentage: the percentage of web users who visited a site in the past month
Search engine optimization (
SEO): influences the major search engines to rank an online search entry higher
Intranet: network used only by employees of an organization
Extranet: network shared by employees of different organizations, e.g., business partners
B2C
Business-to-consumer: trading with the general public
E-tailing: online retailing to consumers
- Extends brick-and-mortar businesses’ “storefront”
- Pure play retailers operate only online
- Fulfillment activities: picking, packing, shipping
- Consumer profiling: know customers better by gathering information about their online activities
- Some consider this a violation of privacy
- Many online businesses offer affiliate programs to website owners
- Link to the e-tailer is placed at the website
- Affiliate compensation
- Pay per sale, pay per click, or pay per lead
- Coopetition: step beyond affiliates with competitors featured at the same site (example: Amazon.com)
- Attracts more shoppers to the site
- Fees obtained from affiliated companies
- Mobile advertising growing due to smartphone and network adoption
- Auction sites: a hub for consumers to buy and sell (example: eBay)
- Reverse auction (or name-your-own-price auction)
- Example: Priceline
- Content providers: offer information (news, research results, statistics, etc.) or artistic work (music, pictures, and video clips)
- Electronic bill presentment and payment (EBBP): provides online bills and payment options for customers
- Phishing: type of fraud involving a fake web site
- Extra-organizational workforce:
Companies purchase labor from a larger pool - Crowdsourcing: a process for outsourcing a variety of tasks to a distributed group of people, both online or offline
- Mobile commerce (or m-commerce): business conducted on mobile devices
- Delivering context-specific information is a key mobile application
- Allows mobile device users to experience an event and react immediately
- M-commerce also raises privacy concerns
- GPS provides location tracking
- Identity theft is a threat
B2G
Business-to-government
C2C
Consumer-to-consumer, a form of B2C
Search advertising
advertisements placed on a search site result page
Banners
images placed on web sites that link to a company site selling a product or service
Impression
occurs when a page with a banner is downloaded
Reach percentage
the percentage of web users who visited a site in the past month
SEO
Search engine optimization (SEO): influences the major search engines to rank an online search entry higher
Intranet
network used only by employees of an organization
Extranet
network shared by employees of different organizations, e.g., business partners
B2B Trading
Exchange: extranet for organizations that deal in products and services of a particular type
- Exchange operator profits from transaction fees
- Limited to subscribers
Auction sells a great variety of items
- Buyer posts the information on what they need online for sellers to view and respond
Electronic marketplaces bring markets closer to perfect markets
- No single buyer or seller affects the price
B2B Trading
Online business alliances
companies in the same industry—competitors—collaborate in establishing a website for one or several purposes
- Create buying power by consolidating purchases
- Create a single place for customers
- Act as an auction site operated by a single company setting the prices of products and services
Mobile commerce
Mobile commerce (or m-commerce): business conducted on mobile devices
- Delivering context-specific information is a key mobile application
- Allows mobile device users to experience an event and react immediately
M-commerce also raises privacy concerns
- GPS provides location tracking
- Identity theft is a threat
Phishing
type of fraud involving a fake web site
- Extra-organizational workforce:
- Companies purchase labor from a larger pool
Crowdsourcing
a process for outsourcing a variety of tasks to a distributed group of people, both online or offline
Reverse auction
or name-your-own-price auction
Example: Priceline
Social Media on the Web
- Has widespread influence on consumers and business organizations
- Popular social media: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Foursquare
- Social media leveraged for:
- Additional advertising
- Brand and product exposure
- Immediate communication with consumers
-Social media strategies must be well-organized and coordinated
Social media leveraged for
- Additional advertising
- Brand and product exposure
- Immediate communication with consumers
Supply Chains on the Web
Supply chain management (SCM) systems may be connected to the Web to allow suppliers to participate directly
- XML allows companies to set standards for data exchange
- Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): a system for electronic document exchange initially implemented through exchange value-added network (VAN) companies
- Can be executed on the Internet
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
a system for electronic document exchange initially implemented through exchange value-added network (VAN) companies
- Can be executed on the internet
Options in Establishing a Website
Website: web pages that make up information and links to the site provider’s web technologies
To establish a web business, the company must have access to an Internet server and be able to control its contents
Internet server: a computer connected to the Internet backbone
Businesses’ choices for a website
- Install and maintain their own web servers
- Contract with a web hosting service
Owning and Maintaining a Server
Considerations
- Costly
- Provides the greatest degree of control
- Requires expertise to set up and maintain
- Must obtain a high-speed link to the Web
- Load balancing transfers data requests from a busy server to a less busy server
- Mirror servers: servers with duplicated content and applications
- Speed up and back up the process
Load balancing
transfers data requests from a busy server to a less busy server
Mirror servers
servers w/ duplicated content and applications
- Speed up and back up the process
Web hosting
web server managing service
Types of web hosting
- Shared hosting: stores the client’s Web site on the same physical server as other clients
- Virtual private server hosting: simulates a single server, allowing a client to have its own domain name
- Dedicated hosting: the client can fully control the content on a rented dedicated server’s disks
- Co-location service: server owned and managed by a client is co-located with other clients’ servers in a secure physical location
Shared hosting
stores the client’s Web site on the same physical server as other clients
Virtual private server hosting
simulates a single server, allowing a client to have its own domain name
Dedicated hosting
the client can fully control the content on a rented dedicated server’s disks
Co-location service hosting
server owned and managed by a client is co-located with other clients’ servers in a secure physical location
Considerations in Selecting a Web Host
- Compare host vendors using a point system
- Dynamic webpages: enable communication between shopper’s browser and the database
- Content management systems: product for building and maintaining websites
Dynamic webpages
enable communication between shopper’s browser and the database
Content management systems
product for building and maintaining websites
Factors to consider when selecting web host
- Allows use of database management system
- Storage space capacity
- Technical and web site design support
- Scalability
- Security: physical and virtual
- Availability: minimize downtime
- Setup and monthly fees
Elements that are essential to conducting business on the Web
- Inquiry interface: connects to database to allow user to search a catalog of products or services
- Order processing application
Including credit-card verification application - Order-fulfillment system: picks, packs, and ships
Rules for Successful Web-Based Business
- Business success depends on availability and use of proper software
- Elements needed to support B2C commerce
- Targeting customers
- Capturing the customer’s complete experience
- Personalizing the service
- Shortening the business cycle
- Letting customers help themselves
- Being proactive and preventing a product from becoming a commodity
Elements needed to support B2C commerce
- Targeting customers
- Capturing the customer’s complete experience
- Personalizing the service
- Shortening the business cycle
- Letting customers help themselves
- Being proactive and preventing a product from becoming a commodity
Target the Right Customers
- Target customers needing your products and services
- Most important effort of marketing
- Identify the sites that your audience frequently visits
- Consider blogs and podcasting sites for advertisement placement
Capture the Customer’s Total Experience
- Use cookies to record shopper’s movements within the site
- Use CRM software to create consumer profiles
- Shopper experience becomes an asset of business, allowing for:
- Fine-tuning of the product portfolio
- Tailoring of web pages to individual customers
- Individual e-mails to shopper offering products of interest
Personalize the Service
CRM software and web page customization software can be combined to:
- Personalize web pages shown to a customer
- Allow the customer to select the type of e-mail content desired
- Respect visitor privacy by offering opt-in rather than opt-out
- Allow the customer to tailor products to be purchased
Shorten the Business Cycle
- Customers like saving time via web business
- Fulfillment is a major challenge for businesses
- Activities after customer places order
- Fast shipping is desired because:
- It produces higher customer satisfaction
- The business will collect payments faster
- Can outsource the entire fulfillment task to fulfillment organizations such as:
- UPS’s e-Logistics
- FedEx’s Supply Chain Services
Self-service concept
customer’s ability to determine the timing and services of their needs from a business organization through a website
- Saves labor
- Encourages customer loyalty
- E-mail messages sent to customers with information about orders and how to track them
- Online FAQs allow customers to find answers to common questions
Commodity
a product sold at roughly the same price by many vendors (no differentiation)
Proactive and De-Commoditize
- Prompt e-mail replies expected
- Proactive alerts expected for changes in orders or services, or product recalls
- Automatic reordering features are desirable
- Must take initiatives to de-commoditize products
- Commodity: a product sold at roughly the same price by many vendors (no differentiation)
- Addition of features or services prevents a product from becoming a commodity by creating differentiation
E-Commerce is Every Commerce
- Web technologies have been highly integrated into the business world
- Difficult to identify which business activities are on the Internet and which are not
- Web has been highly integrated into daily activities of customers also
- Commerce and e-commerce generally have the same meaning today
SUMMARY
- Some industries have changed drastically due to web technologies
- HTTP is an Internet standard controlling web server addresses
- HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP
- XML is a standard for description of data
- Blogs enable people to create discussion Web pages
- Cookies help websites personalize the visitor’s experience
- Many web technologies are proprietary
- A business can maintain its own web server or use a web hosting service
- Organizations should consider several factors when selecting a web host
- Web-enabled commerce is classified into B2B and B2C
- B2B trading relies on electronic data interchange (EDI) and XML
- Mobile commerce needs to be considered in any online business strategy
- Online businesses must adhere to several factors to be successful
- Spam and spyware are online annoyances
- Phishing is a pervasive fraud crime
