Chapter 8 Vocabulary

Question 1

Adenosine Triphospate ATP

Answer 1

Compound that cells use to store and release energy

Question 2

Heterotrophs

Answer 2

Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things

Question 3

Autotrophs

Answer 3

Organisms that make their own food

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

The process in which plants convert sunlight energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates

Question 5

Pigments

Answer 5

light-absorbing molecules used by plants to gather sunlight energy

Question 6

Chlorophyll

Answer 6

the plant’s principle pigment

Question 7

Thylakoids

Answer 7

Saclike photosynthetic membranes

Question 8

Stroma

Answer 8

The fluid portion of the chloroplast outside the thylakoids

Question 9

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate NADP+

Answer 9

carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules

Question 10

Light-dependent reactions

Answer 10

Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

Question 11

Light-independent reactions

Answer 11

Set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin Cycle

Question 12

Photosystems

Answer 12

Cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids

Question 13

Electron transport chain

Answer 13

Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during during ATP-generating reactions

Question 14

ATP synthase

Answer 14

cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through it

Question 15

Calvin Cycle

Answer 15

Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high -energy compounds such as sugar