Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

basic units of life

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 3

Cell Membrane

Answer 3

flexible barrier that surrounds a cell

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

large membrane-enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cells’s activities

Question 5

Eukaryotes

Answer 5

cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei

Question 6

Prokaryotes

Answer 6

cells that do not enclose their DNA in nuclei

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

the portion of a cell outside the nucleus

Question 8

Organelles

Answer 8

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell

Question 9

Vacuoles

Answer 9

cell organelle that stores materials such as salts, proteins, water, and carbohydrates

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement

Question 12

Centriole

Answer 12

Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

Question 13

Ribosome

Answer 13

cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

internal memrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell

Question 16

Chloroplast

Answer 16

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Question 17

Mitochondrion

Answer 17

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Question 18

CELL WALL

Answer 18

STRONG, SUPPORTING LAYER AROUND THE CELL MEMBRANE IN SOME CELLS