Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards
Cell
basic units of life
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells
Cell Membrane
flexible barrier that surrounds a cell
Nucleus
large membrane-enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cells’s activities
Eukaryotes
cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei
Prokaryotes
cells that do not enclose their DNA in nuclei
Cytoplasm
the portion of a cell outside the nucleus
Organelles
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell
Vacuoles
cell organelle that stores materials such as salts, proteins, water, and carbohydrates
Lysosome
cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell
Cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement
Centriole
Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
Ribosome
cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
internal memrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled
Golgi apparatus
organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Chloroplast
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Mitochondrion
cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
CELL WALL
STRONG, SUPPORTING LAYER AROUND THE CELL MEMBRANE IN SOME CELLS
