Chapter 8 Vocab Cards Flashcards

study Living Environment

1
Q

cell

A

basic unit of all forms of life

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2
Q

cell theory

A

fundamental concept of biology

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

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4
Q

nucleus

A

the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons

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5
Q

eukaryote

A

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

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6
Q

prokaryote

A

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

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7
Q

cytoplasm

A

fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus

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8
Q

ribosome

A

cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis

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9
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

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10
Q

golgi apparatus

A

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell

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11
Q

vacuole

A

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

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12
Q

lysosome

A

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can used by the rest of the cell

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13
Q

chloroplast

A

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

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14
Q

mitochondrion

A

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

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15
Q

cell wall

A

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

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16
Q

lipid

A

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

17
Q

selectively permeable

A

property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane

18
Q

homeostasis

A

relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

19
Q

diffusion

A

process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

20
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

21
Q

isotonic

A

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

22
Q

hypertonic

A

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

23
Q

hypotonic

A

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

24
Q

tissue

A

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

25
Q

organ

A

many groups of tissue working together

26
Q

organ system

A

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function