Chapter 12 vocab carbs

Question 1

genetics

Answer 1

scientific study of heredity.

Question 2

fertilization

Answer 2

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.

Question 3

trait

Answer 3

specific characteristic of an individual.

Question 4

hybrid

Answer 4

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

Question 5

gene

Answer 5

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring.

Question 6

allele

Answer 6

one of a number of different forms of a gene.

Question 7

principle of dominance

Answer 7

Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

Question 8

segregation

Answer 8

separation of alleles during gamete formation.

Question 9

gamete

Answer 9

sex cell.

Question 10

probability

Answer 10

likelihood that a particular event will occur.

Question 11

homozygous

Answer 11

having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Question 12

heterozygous

Answer 12

having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Question 13

phenotype

Answer 13

physical characteristics of an organism.

Question 14

genotype

Answer 14

genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 15

punnet square

Answer 15

diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross.

Question 16

independent assortment

Answer 16

one of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

Question 17

incomplete dominance

Answer 17

situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele.

Question 18

codominance

Answer 18

situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed.

Question 19

multiple alleles

Answer 19

a gene that has more than two alleles.

Question 20

polygenic trait

Answer 20

trait controlled by two or more genes.