Chapter 8- Visual Motion Perception

Question 1

Motion aftereffect (MAE)

Answer 1

The illusion of motion of a stationary object that occurs after prolonged exposure to a moving object

Question 2

A Reichhardt Detector

Answer 2

Motion detector circuit in the previous slide forms the basis of motion perception in all known biological visual systems—only works with small areas

Question 3

Apparent motion

Answer 3

The illusory impression of smooth motion resulting from the rapid alternation of objects that appear in different locations in rapid succession

• -motion detector circuit does not need real motion in order to fire
• example computer screen

Question 4

Correspondence problem (motion)

Answer 4

the problem faced by the motion detection system of knowing which feature in frame 2 corresponds to a particular feature in frame 1

Question 5

The aperture problem

Answer 5

the fact that when a moving object is viewed through an aperture ( or a receptive field the direction of motion of local feature or part of the object may be ambiguous (barbe pole/shapes opposite direction, but really same direction)

Question 6

Middle temporal area (MT)

Answer 6

and area of the brain thought to be important in percepting motion

Question 7

The Newsome and Pare paradigm

Answer 7

Monkey impairment of correlated motion direction

Question 8

Interocular Transfer

Answer 8

The transfer of an effect (such as adaptation) from one eye to another

Question 9

Akinetopsia

Answer 9

A rare neurophysiological disorder in which the affected individual has no perception of motion
–caused by disruption to cortical area MT

Question 10

Focus of expansion (FOE)

Answer 10

The point in the center of the horizon from which when we are in motion all points in the perspective image seem to emanate.

Question 11

Biological motion

Answer 11

-the pattern of movement of all animals

Question 12

Time to Collision(TTC)

Answer 12

The time required for a moving object (such as a cricket ball to hit a stationary object such as a batsman’s head) TTC+ distance/rate

Question 13

Smooth Pursuit

Answer 13

• Voluntary eye movement in which the eyes move smoothly to follow a moving object.

Question 14

Saccade

Answer 14

A type of eye movement, made both voluntarily and involuntarily, in which the eyes rapidly change fixation from one object or location to another

Question 15

How many muscles are attached to the eye? and how are they arranged?

Answer 15

Six muscles

-arranged in 3 pairs

Question 16

Superior colliculus

Answer 16

a structure in the midbrain that is important in initiating and guiding eye movements
-when this structure is electrically stimulated eye movements result

Question 17

Saccadic Suppression

Answer 17

The reduction of visual sensitivity that occurs when we make saccadic eye movements

Question 18

Comparator

Answer 18

An area of the visual system that receives one copy of the order issued by the motor system when the eyes move (the other copy goes to the eye muscles