Chapter 8 - Trust, Justice and Ethics Flashcards
Reputation
the prominence of an organizations brand and perceived quality
- depends on trust and vulnerability
Justice
the perceived fairness of an authority’s decision making
ethics
when employees percieve high levels of ethics, they believe that things are being done the way they “should be” ir “ought to be” done
disposition-based trust
trust rooted in one’s own personality, as opposed to careful assessment of the trustee’s trustworthiness
- has more to do with the trustor (high vs low trust prospensity)
cognition-based trust
trust rooted in a rational assessment of the authority’s trustworthiness
affect-based trust
trust dependent on feelings toward the authoruty that go beyond any rational assessment of trust worthiness
trustworthiness
characeristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust
1st dimension of trustworthiness: ability
relatively stable capabilities of people for performing a range of related activities
2nd dimension of trustworthiness: benevolence
the belieft that an authority wants to do good from a trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives
benevolent authorities
care for employees, concern for well being and sense of loyalty
3rd dimension of trustworthiness: integrity
the perception an authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable
1. sound character
2. keeps promises
3. questions about integrity extend beyond senior management
types of trust explained
affect:more emotional than rational
disposition: genes and early life experiences
cognition: rationally evaulate the plus and minuses of an authority
Justice
observable, behavioural evidence that an authority might be trustworthy
distributive justice
equity vs equlaity vs need
- rewards should be allocated to proper norm
- equity norm is typically judged to be the fairest chpice to maximize the productivity of individal employees
procedural justice
- the perceived fairness of the decision-making process
- voice: employees get to express opinions
- correctability: chance to request an appeal when procedure seems ineffective
- consistency, bias suppression, representativeness and accuracy = neutral and objective
procedural vs distributive
procedural justice tends to be a stronger driver of reactions to authorities than distributive justice
interpersonal justice
- percieved fairness of treatement recieved to employees from authorities
interpersonal
respect rule
pertains to whether authorities treat employees in a dignified and sincere mannner
interpersonal
proprietary rule
reflects whether authorities refrain from being offensive or abusive pr rude
informational justice
- percieved fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities
informational
justification rules
mandate that authorities explain decision-making procedures and outcomes in a reasonable manner
truthfulness rule
requires that those communcations be honest and candid
ethics primary thread
prescriptive in nature
- how people ought to act using various codes and principles
- dominant lens in discussion of legal ethics, medical ethics and economics
ethics primary thread
descriptive in nature - dominant lens
scholars rely on scientific studies to observe how people tend to act based on certain individual and situational characeristics
whistle-blowing
employees exposing illegal or immoral actions by their employer
Four-Component Model of Ethical Decision Making
indvidual factors / situational factors
moral awareness –> moral judgement –> moral intent –> ethical behaviour
four component
moral awareness
- recognition by an authority that a moral issue exists in a situatation
moral intensity
the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency: a particular issue is high in moral intensity if it has higher potential harm/if there’s high social pressure surrounding it
moral attentiveness
the degree to which people chronoically percieve and consider issues of morality during their experiences
-report more several ethical dilemmas
four component
moral judgement
the process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical or unethical
Kohlberg’s theory of cognitive moral development
people’s movement through several states of moral development, each more mature and sophisticated than the prior one
kohlberg stages
- preconventional stage
right vs wrong is based on consequences
kohlberg stage
conventional stages
right vs wrong is references to the expecations pf family and society
kohlberg stage
Postconventional stage
right vs wrong is referenced to a set of defined, established mopral principles
moral principles
prescriptive guides for making moral judgements
four component
moral intent
the authority’s degree to commitment to the moral course of action
- they WANT to act ethically
four component
moral identity
the degree to which a person view himself as a moral person
- volunteering
- lives influenced by their morals
- won’t call in sick
trust and job performance
moderate positive effect
- vulnerable employees = higher levels of task performance and citizenship behaviour
trust and organizational commitment
trust has high effect on affective commitment and normative commitment
- higher chance of emotional bond
- sense of obligation
- positive feelings
economic exchange
work relationships that resemble a contractual agreement by which employees fulfill job dutities in exchange for financial compensation
as trust increases
social exchange
work relationships characterized by mutual investment, with employees willing to engage in “extra mile” behaviours
