CHAPTER 8 | THINKING, REASONING AND LANGUAGE Flashcards
define language
system of communication that combines symbols or gestural signs in rule-based ways to create meaning
define sentences
coherent sequences of words that express the intended meaning of a speaker
define phonemes and what body parts play a role
category of sound our vocal apparatus produces. sound of our language
body parts include, mouth, lips. tongue, teeth, opening of throat etc…
define morphemes
smallest meaningful unit of speech
define syntax
grammatical rules for constructing sentences
define extralinguistic information
elements of communication that aren’t part of the content of language but are crucial to interpreting its meaning such as facial expression and tone of voice
what was the first proposed process that children learn language in ?
operant and classical conditioning
what was Chomsky argument?
that children didn’t learn language from operant and classical conditioning but children has a language acquisition device that allows them to analyze the language they hear, and to acquire and produce their own native language.
- children don’t learn language through imitation because adult language is full of errorsD
define deep and surface structure
1) underlying meaning
2) the actual written form of the sentence
define babbling in babies
intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning
- ex: sounds other than burping, sighing, laughing and crying
define cooing
around 2 month old, they start to coo which means noises that sound like vowels
when do babies babble
at 4-5 months they start to babble adding constant sounds to their cooing as they explore the sounds they can make
babbling is to adult speech as
basic signs and movement is to American sign language
why do babies produce sounds?
they produce sounds just to see what the sounds sound like
when do they being to babble and produce real adult speech sounds
7-8 months
