CHAPTER 7 | MEMORY Flashcards
Define memory
basic retention of information over time
what does memory involve?
involves:
1) encoding (getting information into the brain)
2) storage (retaining information)
3) retrieval (getting it back out)
what was James mcgaugh famous quote?
“if you lose the ability to recall your old memories then you have no life. You might as well be a rutabaga or a cabbage”
what happened to Henry molaison?
they removed his hippocampus to cure his seizure which it did cure it but it created deficits in terms of creating new memories. he lived his life in an enduring present.
define working (short term) memory and the capacity
memory you use for information you are actively working on. Temporary storage of information
-capacity is 5 to 9 buts
which people don’t have working short memory?
young children
define primacy effect
- give example
primacy effect is the ability to retain the fist items of a big chunk of information.
ex: remember 1,3,4,5,6,8
primacy effect is remembering the first numbers on the list
define recency effect
- give example
the ability to retain the last items of a big chunk of information
ex: remember 1,3,4,5,6,8
recency effect is remembering the last numbers on the list
define serial position effect
- give example
difficulty remembering the middle numbers of a big chunk of information
ex: remember 1,3,4,5,6,8
serial position effect is having a hard time remembering the middle numbers with is normal
define chunking and when is it used
- give example
usually when we have a huge chunk of data we have to memorize, we automatically organize items into familiar and manageable units.
define maintenance rehearsal and give an example
repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short term memory.
ex: studying for an exam, you repeat the information like flashcards repeatedly to retain them for short time memory to pass the test
name the 3 types of levels of processing and which one is the most shallow, less shallow and deepest
1) visual
2) phonological (sound-related)
3) semantic (meaning related)
- most shallow is visual
- less shallow is phonological
- the deepest is semantic
define shallow, medium and deep processing
shallow= surface level
medium= words rhyming
deep=meaningful processing more recollection happens in this processing
define long term memory
enduring (from minutes to years) retention of information stored regarding our facts, skills and experiences
define explicit memory and the 2 types
explicit memory: memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness
1) episodic memory: recollection of events in our lives
2) semantic memory: Our knowledge of facts around the world