Chapter 8 - Thinking, Decisions, Intelligence, and Language Flashcards
What is the difference between an analogical and a symbolic representation?
Describe the differences between the exemplar model and the prototype model of forming concepts.
Exemplar model - there is no best example, considers all examples in a category
Prototype model - considers the best example
Describe loss aversion.
Describe framing.
Framing is when a potential loss or gain is emphasized and this impacts one’s decision.
Describe anchoring.
Anchoring is when you rely on the first piece of information presented to you when making your decisions
ex: We are asked if Americans eat more than 5 pounds or 500 pounds of sugar a year. Then we are asked how many pounds we think Americans eat per year. Participants who are asked whether Americans eat more than 5 pounds per year, had an average prediction that was much less than the participants who were asked about 500 pounds.
Describe the endowment effect.
describes how people tend to value items that they own more highly than they would if they did not belong to them.
Describe appraisal tendency framework.
describes how and why emotions affect judgement and decisions
Describe mental sets.
Describe functional fixedness.
Describe maximizing.
Making the perfect choice
Describe satisficing.
Make a choice that is satisfactory enough
What does it mean to say that we often fail at affective forecasting?
Fail to predict how something is gonna make us feel in the future
Describe the differences between fluid and crystallized intelligence.
What is the Flynn effect? What are possible explanations for this effect?
Environmental factors contribute to intelligence.
- rise in intelligence, in the past century, genes could not have changed too much in this time
Know how the following people/terms fit into the history of intelligence testing and measurement: Galton, eugenics, Binet, Terman, Stanford-Binet, intelligence quotient, Wechsler. How did Binet’s views on intelligence testing differ from Galton’s?
