Chapter 8: The Middle East Flashcards
What are the two other names for the middle east?
The Muslim World
A Bridge for 3 Continents
What three countries does the Muslim world stretch across?
Asia
Africa
Europe
What are the import cities?
Bagdad
Cordova
What is Cordova’s other name?
the jewel of the west
what is the Muslims holiest city?
Mecca
Who is the Muslims god and leader?
god: Allah
leader: Mohammed
What do Muslims call those who don’t believe the same thing as they do?
Infadels
What is the other name for the holy war and what was the goal?
Jihad
Goal was to conquer the world
What is known as the heart of the Middle East?
Mediterranean Sea
What are the four Asian countries that are in the Middle East?
Pakistan
Turkey
Iran
Afghanistan
What are the five African countries that are in the Middle East?
Egypt Ethiopia Sudan Algeria Murico
What are the other countries that make up the Middle East?
Lebanon Serbia Israel Iraq Jordan Libbia Saudi Arabia Tunisia Mauritania Kuwait
What makes up half of the Middle East?
The Silk Road
What does Mediterranean mean and who gave it that name?
means our sea
Romans named it
Who uses the Mediterranean route?
crusaders
What canal connects the Mediterranean and Red Sea?
Suez Canal
How did the Suez Canal increase importance in the Middle East?
It shortened the trade route between Europe and Asia by 4,000 miles
Who controlled the Suez Canal and what was it known as to them?
British
Life line of the Empire
What three mountains are in the Middle East?
Zagros
Caucasus
Atlas
What three plaots are in the Middle East?
Ireanin
Anatalian
Areabian
What three river valleys are in the Middle East?
Mesopotamia
Nile
Indus
What does Mesopotamia mean?
Land between the rivers
What is the gift of the Nile?
Egypt
Where did the early people begin to settle?
Indus River
What caused a government to from among the early people?
A need for food and water and order
As food production increased, ideas for what came into the mind of early settlers?
Trade
What was a result of early trade?
Cultural diffusion
Trial and error
What is the Middle East called?
The dry world
More than 5% of land was used for farming? True or false?
False
There was too little rain to be able to farm so they (people of the middle east) had to graze. True or false?
True
Where does most rain-bearing wind come from?
north
Where does the rain come from and fall?
comes from Mediterranean
falls north of Atlas moutains
What are receives a good amount of water and is good for farming?
Maghreb
What Egyptian city receives less than 1 inch of rainfall a year?
Karo
What is the main source of water in Karo?
Melted snow from the moutains
What do the Tigris and Euphrates river have in common?
They both originate from Turkey but flow elsewhere
What is a wadis and what is its function?
Steep-sided vallies/ revienes
They channel water when it rains
What is an oasis?
Water melts and goes underground then travels underground and shoots above ground in a pool or water
What are the two ways to get water?
Above ground (river system) Below ground (oasis)
What desert had the largest oasis in the world?
Libbian desert
What is the biggest desert in the world?
Sahara Desert
What is the Sahara called when it crosses into Saudi Arabia?
Rubal Khali
What is the Rubal Khali?
400,000 square miles or nothing
In the Rubal Khali, it is hit at night and cold in the day. True or false?
False
It is 120 during the day and 60 at night
Deserts are sand dunes. True or false?
False. They have a grey, hard, rocky surface.
Where is the steppe located?
On either side of the desert area
The Meditarian does not receive enough rain to farm. True or false?
False.They get 20-40 inches of rain which is enough to farm and graze.
The steppe receives enough rain to farm and graze. True or false?
False. They receive 10-20 inches which is only enough to graze.
Summer’s in the Meditation are…?
Hot and dry
What crops are grown in the meditiarian?
Olives
Grapes
Curtis fruits
Tabaco
What are olives know as to the people of the Mediterranean?
The butter of the area
The people that live closer to the heart of the Mediterranean receive… And grow…(Think weather and farming)?
Less rain
Grow wheat and barley
List three facts/things about the tropical Savannah…
Receive 60 inches or rain
Found in Sudan and Eutheopua
Have a wet and dry season
What is vertical climate?
The higher you go the colder you get
What countries that surround the Pursian golf have a HUGE supply of oil?
Iran
Iraq
Kuvate
Saudis Arabia (has the most)
Who built the oil industry?
British and American cooperations
Who is the biggest oil producer?
Texas
What are the oil shipping point?
Sidon and Tripoli in Lebbon
Baniyas in Serbia
Abadan
Kharg Islands
What minerals are most commonly found in Maraco, Tunisa, and Turkey?
Maraco: cabals, zink, and manganese
Tunisia: phosphate rock
Turkey: coal and chromite
What is the Middle East lacking?
water
How is the water supply renewed?
when the Nile river floods
What dams were built on the Nile river?
Aswan Dam
Aswan High Dam
What dams were built in Iran?
Karadi Dam
Pahlavi Dam
What dam was built in Turkey?
Keban
In Egypt, 3% of the people lived on 99% of the land. True or false?
False
oppisite
Camels were very important to what group of people and what were they known as?
Desert Nomads
ship of the desert
What decreased the importance of Desert Nomads?
Infrastructure (roads, transportation, industry)
What are the two groups of nomadic tribes?
Bedouins in Saudi Arabia
Tuoregs in Africa
Why are the number of nomads in decline?
Less camel trade
Government wanted them to become farmers so they could tax them
Many have begun to pick up work in a variety of fields
Most village people lived in…
small communities
Village land is owned by… This caused problems because…
one person
those that own it do not till it
What is happening to village population and what is the cause?
declining because more people are leaving to go to the cities
What are some important cities?
casablanka istanbull anarka karachi lahore koiro alexandero algiers
When a city is wrapped around another city, the new city is usually … the old city is … and who created the new city?
updated (infrastructure)
outdated (where locals live) (core)
whoever took it
What is Mosque?
a place of prayer or worship
Bazaar is…
open market
What are the three differences among the people?
way of living (nomads or sheikh)
government (king or monarch or president)
religion (Muslims, Catholics, Hindus)
What is the largest group of people called and what two groups make up that big group?
Semites
eurobes and jews
The Europes speak and write… and they live in…
Arabic
Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia
The Jews speak and write… they live in… and Saturday is…
Hebrew
Israel
day of rest
What group is found mostly in Turkey and what do they speak?
Turks
Pursian
What are the three things that have remained the same in this empire?
Islamic Religion
Arabic Language
Shortage of water
