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Global > Chapter 7: South Asia > Flashcards

Chapter 7: South Asia Flashcards

1
Q

What two countries had problems and what caused those problems?

A

India and Pakistan

Religion caused the most problems

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2
Q

What arose with the problems of India and Pakistan?

A

Act of Independence

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3
Q

What is Kashmir?

A

the richest of India’s princely state

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4
Q

Where is Kashmir located?

A

northwest by the Pakistan border

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5
Q

In 1947, who was give the choice to join what?

A

Princes were given the choice to join either India, Pakistan, or to stay Neutral.

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6
Q

Who is Maharaja Harisingth and what did he opt for?

A

He was the Hindu leader of Kashmir. His country was Muslim. He opted to stay neutral.

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7
Q

Who invaded Kashmir?

A

Pakistan

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8
Q

Who did Harisingth join with when Pakistan invaded?

A

India

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9
Q

Who sent troops to help when Pakistan invaded?

A

India

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10
Q

Who went to war as a result of the invasion of Kashmir?

A

Pakistan and India

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11
Q

Who settled the matter when India and Pakistan went to war and how did they settle it?

A

The United Nations settled it by dividing Kashmir into two nations.

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12
Q

What did India get when the United Nations stepped in?

A

The best:
Farmland
South
Population

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13
Q

What did Pakistan get what the United Nations stepped in?

A

Stepp desert

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14
Q

What was a Plebiscite?

A

The United Nations way of deciding who would side with who. A vote.

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15
Q

Who wanted and who didn’t want a plebiscite and why?

A

India didn’t want because they didn’t want to loose their population. Pakistan wanted because they wanted to gain more population.

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16
Q

Where did India get their water from?

A

Indus River and Tributires

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17
Q

What control does India have over the Indus river?

A

The river originates in India so India can say that the water belongs to them and they can keep it all.

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18
Q

What was Pakistan’s feelings on India and the Indus River?

A

they didn’t believe India should be able to control it

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19
Q

What rivers did Pakistan control?

A

Indus
Jhelum
Chenab

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20
Q

What rivers did India control?

A

Sutlei
Beas
Ravi

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21
Q

What was built with help from Great Britain and USA?

A

400 canals

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22
Q

What happened in 1965 and who was it settled by?

A

Short Border War and it was settled by the Silviot Union

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23
Q

What was the biggest problem between China and India?

A

Tibet which sits between the two

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24
Q

Who conquered China and Tibet and what did India do when this happened?

A

communists

India remained neutral

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25
Q

What was India and China’s agreement called and what did it do?

A 
The Five Principals or Panch Shila
non-aggression;no military
no interfearence in others affairs
Equality 
Peaceful co-existence 
Respect for another countries land
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26
Q

Where did the rebellion of 1959 start and who was it against?

A

Started in Lihasa and was against the communists

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27
Q

Who is Tibet’s leader?

A

The Dalai Lama

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28
Q

What happened to the Dalai Lama?

A

He fled to India. China then wanted him back but India refused because it was neutral.

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29
Q

What were the reasons for the name Chinese Impearlism?

A

China accused India of conspiracy
China took 40,000 miles of Indian tetorry and kept 12,000 for themselves
This led India not to trust China

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30
Q

What was the Malthusian Theory?

A

Population will grow faster than food supply. This will lead to mass starvation.

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31
Q

What was it called when millions of people starved to death in India?

A

Famine

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32
Q

What was the last recorded famine and when did it occur?

A

Bengal

During ww2

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33
Q

Why did Hindus was large families with mostly males?

A

So the family can run the farm and so the males can carry the funeral tomb to the river.

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34
Q

What were some resolutions to famine?

A

Cut down on population
Planned families
Better healthcare

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35
Q

What is intensive farming?

A

More people than land

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36
Q

What is traditional economy?

A

Very little change over a long period of time which led to low production

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37
Q

Why doesn’t India have to import grain?

A

Self sufficient:
Land reform: change order of leadership
Hybird seed: led to increase in production
Multiple Cropping: rotating crop to keep the soil rich and fertile

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38
Q

What is India known as?

A

The land of sickness

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39
Q

What disease are most con alt found in India?

A 
Yellow Fever
Tyfoid
Small Pox
Typhas
Cholera
Millaria
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40
Q

What happened in India in 1894 that caused 10 million people to die?

A

The plague of the Black Death

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41
Q

2/3 of India’s population was illiterate. True or False?

A

True

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42
Q

What were the other names for the untouchables?

A

Children of God

Harigans

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43
Q

If you came from a wealthy family, you stayed in the country to be educated. True or false and justify?

A

False you let the country and went to Great Britain or the USA because India only had 17 collages

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44
Q

What is apartide?

A

The separation of races controlled by the Dutch

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45
Q

What caused poverty?

A

Lack of technology
In the cities, many people lived on the streets
15-20 people shared one apartment room

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46
Q

What is Baksheesh?

A

A gift given to beggars who asked for help or money

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47
Q

Why was there a potential for starvation?

A

Too few crops were being raised

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48
Q

Why did it take so long for farmers to get to and farm their land?

A

The land was scattered

49
Q

What is a tenant?

A

Someone who rents the land; farmers

50
Q

What three things caused diseases?

A

Plants
Rats
Cobras

51
Q

Hindus eat meat. True or False?

A

False

52
Q

What was given to land owners before the British came?

A

Part of the crop

53
Q

What is a zamindar?

A

Someone the owner hires to do their work

54
Q

As time went on, owners got poor and farmers got wealthy. True or false and justify?

A

False
Owners got wealthy
Farmers got poor

55
Q

How did the British try to balance scales?

A

Give some farmers there own land
Laws lowered the farmers rent
Descatterizing the land

56
Q

In 1951 who came up with what plan that would benefit farmers?

A

Binoda Bhade

Land lords give 20% of their land to the farmers for themselves

57
Q

What does Bhoodan mean?

A

Land gift

58
Q

What is the strongest force that unites the people?

A

Hinduism

59
Q

True or False? Hinduism is the oldest and most organized religion in the world.

A

True

60
Q

What do educated Hindus believe in and what do uneducated Hindus believe in?

A

Educated~ one god

Uneducated~ many gods

61
Q

Hinduism has a great leader. True or false?

A

False

62
Q

Hinduism has an organized church. True or false?

A

False

63
Q

Hinduism rests upon many beliefs. True or false?

A

True

64
Q

Hinduism is a complete way of living. True or false?

A

True

65
Q

What is Hinduism know it’s and why is it known as that?

A

Elastic religion because you do not need to be in church to reach God and it is very flexible

66
Q

What are the Hindus four gods and what is each known as?

A

Brahma~ creator
Iyenar~ invisible watchman
Vichnu~preserver of life
Shiva~ destroyer and recreator

67
Q

Why is death feared upon the Hindus?

A

The belief in reincarnation/ rebirth which is also called sasmara

68
Q

When you become reincarnated what is your new status based upon?

A

Karma (way of living)

69
Q

What is nirvana?

A

The State in which you are released. It is also known as paradise in the highest state or the end state of reincarnation.

70
Q

List the order of the cast system

A 
Brahman: priests
Rulers and worriers 
Merchants and skilled workers
Farmers and unskilled workers
Untouchables
71
Q

Who were the untouchables created by?
What are the untouchables?
What is the purpose of the caste the untouchables?

A

British government
Welfare
Help lowest of people

72
Q

Who did Gandhi live with?

A

Untouchables

73
Q

True or false? You cannot marry within your cast.

A

False. You must marry within your caste.

74
Q

What is dharma?

A

Special duties

75
Q

What do the Hindus believe is the way of life?

A

Early years- study
Mary and have children
Give up material processions and spend time in prayer

76
Q

Why is the caste system breaking down?

A

Laws to end untouchables
Cities broke because of caste job interaction
Caste still strong in villages

77
Q

What was the Jajmani system? What did it mean? What was it caused by? What did it lead to?

A

Meant barter system
Cause by lack of money due to lower caste
Led to labor division amongst its members
Made each village self sufficient

78
Q

Who lived in a joint family?

A 
Mother
Father
Sons
Sons families 
Unmarried daughters
79
Q

Who was the head of the house?

A

Eldest male

80
Q

What is the age where girls can get married?

A

14

81
Q

What is dowary?

A

It is a way to make up for the loss of a working daughter by payment from the husband

82
Q

When does a woman become a real family member?

A

After her first child

83
Q

What was looked down upon?

A

Being childless

84
Q

Why’s the joint family breaking down today?

A

Woman’s rights

Movement of cities

85
Q

What are India slum areas called?

A

Bustees

86
Q

What were the reasons people left safe villages to go live in the city?

A

No caste system

Excitement

87
Q

What is suttee and what does it mean?

A

Means faithful

Hindu wife’s would be burned to death but their dead husband

88
Q

What is Kali Worship and what does it mean? What were the followers called and what does it mean?

A

Means blood worship or sacrifice
They wanted human blood badly
Thugs
Rascle

89
Q

Why did the Hindus kill some baby girls?

A

Girls are not as strong as boys and they needed strong boys to carry down the funeral pier

90
Q

What is a traditional healer?

A

Person responsible for taking care of diseases and such because there were no doctors

91
Q

What were people of India and frayed of and my really afraid of it?

A

West medicine
Medicine contained alcohol to me and animal fat. Hindus cannot eat anything that comes from an animal, therefore they would not be able to take the medicines

92
Q

What two presidents visited India him why did they visit?

A

President Eisenhower and then President Kennedy both visited to support democracy and communism

93
Q

What did we give India money to buy?

A

American wheat

94
Q

What was the agricultural trade development and assistance act?

A

We gave India money that came from tax payers to their government to help with roads in food to eat.

95
Q

What did India do when the USA gave them tons of money?

A

Stay neutral

96
Q

What did Russia do with India and wanted they do to help keep their country in order?

A

They helped India against Pakistan in their boarder war

5 year plans

97
Q

What did Russia gift to India?

A

High visibility money

98
Q

What were the goals for the five-year plan put in place in 1951? What were the results?

A

The goals were to increased food supply, build dams to deal with flooding, and increase irrigation.

The results were an increase in food supplies and the annual income rose 10%.

99
Q

What did the second five-year plan strive to accomplish and what were the results?

A

Improve and create Infrastructure

Fell short

100
Q

What did the third five-year plan strive to achieve and what were the results?

A

Wanted to become self-sufficient with food production and supply
Increased literacy rate
Have the first nuclear power plant

Very successful

101
Q

What was the purpose of dividing the blocks of land into 100 villages?

A

To help these people learn how to survive on their own

102
Q

Who was sent to the blocks of land after they were divided up?

A

A team of experts who specialized in farming nursing engineering etc.

103
Q

What were the goals that India hope to accomplish by dividing up these blocks of land?

A 
Improve farming 
road construction 
contour plowing 
sanitation 
teach villagers how to help themselves
104
Q

What happened to the program in 1957?

A

It was criticized for being run by outsiders because the villagers wanted more self rule

105
Q

What was panchayat and what were the results?

A

A council elected by the people to make decisions for themselves

Did not work because of the caste system

106
Q

What jobs in India to graduates have more success in finding?

A

Engineers teachers and doctors

107
Q

What was built in India to help farmers and what happened there?

A

Agricultural colleges have been built and they helped farmers learn about hybrid seeds, how to use fertilizer, and insect killing drugs

108
Q

Why didn’t the five-year plans continue to work?

A

The wealthy wouldn’t contribute and the government had little money

109
Q

What did Saudi Arabia and the USA help India with?

A

Fertilizing plants and textile mills

110
Q

What was nationalization?

A

Government takeover of all important businesses

111
Q

What was the biggest problem between East and West Pakistan?

A

One government controlled both lands

112
Q

What issues were the east upset about?

A

Political domination in the west
Tax revenue earned coming money was used in fairly for the benefit of the west
The west favorite do use of English over the native-language Bengali

113
Q

What is east and west Pakistan’s form of government called?

A

Awami League

114
Q

The awami league favored the west. True or False and justify?

A

False

The favorite to east because the east got the majority vote

115
Q

Who is the president during the time of the awami league and what did he refuse to do and why did he refuse?

A

Ayub Khan
Favorited west
Didn’t let the league meet because he didn’t want then to vote on better thing for the east

116
Q

What happened to the east in 1970 that made the east hate the west even more?

A

A title wave hit the east
thousands were killed
the West did very little to help

117
Q

What were the results of the title-wave?

A

Riots
West sent their army
Tons dead

118
Q

What happened in 1971 as a result of the riots and the west army being sent over?

A

India had to send an army

West was defeated

119
Q

What was the name of East Pakistan changed to?

A

Bangladesh

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