Chapter 7: South Asia Flashcards
1
Q
What two countries had problems and what caused those problems?
A
India and Pakistan
Religion caused the most problems
2
Q
What arose with the problems of India and Pakistan?
A
Act of Independence
3
Q
What is Kashmir?
A
the richest of India’s princely state
4
Q
Where is Kashmir located?
A
northwest by the Pakistan border
5
Q
In 1947, who was give the choice to join what?
A
Princes were given the choice to join either India, Pakistan, or to stay Neutral.
6
Q
Who is Maharaja Harisingth and what did he opt for?
A
He was the Hindu leader of Kashmir. His country was Muslim. He opted to stay neutral.
7
Q
Who invaded Kashmir?
A
Pakistan
8
Q
Who did Harisingth join with when Pakistan invaded?
A
India
9
Q
Who sent troops to help when Pakistan invaded?
A
India
10
Q
Who went to war as a result of the invasion of Kashmir?
A
Pakistan and India
11
Q
Who settled the matter when India and Pakistan went to war and how did they settle it?
A
The United Nations settled it by dividing Kashmir into two nations.
12
Q
What did India get when the United Nations stepped in?
A
The best:
Farmland
South
Population
13
Q
What did Pakistan get what the United Nations stepped in?
A
Stepp desert
14
Q
What was a Plebiscite?
A
The United Nations way of deciding who would side with who. A vote.
15
Q
Who wanted and who didn’t want a plebiscite and why?
A
India didn’t want because they didn’t want to loose their population. Pakistan wanted because they wanted to gain more population.
16
Q
Where did India get their water from?
A
Indus River and Tributires
17
Q
What control does India have over the Indus river?
A
The river originates in India so India can say that the water belongs to them and they can keep it all.
18
Q
What was Pakistan’s feelings on India and the Indus River?
A
they didn’t believe India should be able to control it
19
Q
What rivers did Pakistan control?
A
Indus
Jhelum
Chenab
20
Q
What rivers did India control?
A
Sutlei
Beas
Ravi
21
Q
What was built with help from Great Britain and USA?
A
400 canals
22
Q
What happened in 1965 and who was it settled by?
A
Short Border War and it was settled by the Silviot Union
23
Q
What was the biggest problem between China and India?
A
Tibet which sits between the two
24
Q
Who conquered China and Tibet and what did India do when this happened?
A
communists
India remained neutral
25
What was India and China's agreement called and what did it do?
```
The Five Principals or Panch Shila
non-aggression;no military
no interfearence in others affairs
Equality
Peaceful co-existence
Respect for another countries land
```
26
Where did the rebellion of 1959 start and who was it against?
Started in Lihasa and was against the communists
27
Who is Tibet's leader?
The Dalai Lama
28
What happened to the Dalai Lama?
He fled to India. China then wanted him back but India refused because it was neutral.
29
What were the reasons for the name Chinese Impearlism?
China accused India of conspiracy
China took 40,000 miles of Indian tetorry and kept 12,000 for themselves
This led India not to trust China
30
What was the Malthusian Theory?
Population will grow faster than food supply. This will lead to mass starvation.
31
What was it called when millions of people starved to death in India?
Famine
32
What was the last recorded famine and when did it occur?
Bengal
| During ww2
33
Why did Hindus was large families with mostly males?
So the family can run the farm and so the males can carry the funeral tomb to the river.
34
What were some resolutions to famine?
Cut down on population
Planned families
Better healthcare
35
What is intensive farming?
More people than land
36
What is traditional economy?
Very little change over a long period of time which led to low production
37
Why doesn't India have to import grain?
Self sufficient:
Land reform: change order of leadership
Hybird seed: led to increase in production
Multiple Cropping: rotating crop to keep the soil rich and fertile
38
What is India known as?
The land of sickness
39
What disease are most con alt found in India?
```
Yellow Fever
Tyfoid
Small Pox
Typhas
Cholera
Millaria
```
40
What happened in India in 1894 that caused 10 million people to die?
The plague of the Black Death
41
2/3 of India's population was illiterate. True or False?
True
42
What were the other names for the untouchables?
Children of God
| Harigans
43
If you came from a wealthy family, you stayed in the country to be educated. True or false and justify?
False you let the country and went to Great Britain or the USA because India only had 17 collages
44
What is apartide?
The separation of races controlled by the Dutch
45
What caused poverty?
Lack of technology
In the cities, many people lived on the streets
15-20 people shared one apartment room
46
What is Baksheesh?
A gift given to beggars who asked for help or money
47
Why was there a potential for starvation?
Too few crops were being raised
48
Why did it take so long for farmers to get to and farm their land?
The land was scattered
49
What is a tenant?
Someone who rents the land; farmers
50
What three things caused diseases?
Plants
Rats
Cobras
51
Hindus eat meat. True or False?
False
52
What was given to land owners before the British came?
Part of the crop
53
What is a zamindar?
Someone the owner hires to do their work
54
As time went on, owners got poor and farmers got wealthy. True or false and justify?
False
Owners got wealthy
Farmers got poor
55
How did the British try to balance scales?
Give some farmers there own land
Laws lowered the farmers rent
Descatterizing the land
56
In 1951 who came up with what plan that would benefit farmers?
Binoda Bhade
| Land lords give 20% of their land to the farmers for themselves
57
What does Bhoodan mean?
Land gift
58
What is the strongest force that unites the people?
Hinduism
59
True or False? Hinduism is the oldest and most organized religion in the world.
True
60
What do educated Hindus believe in and what do uneducated Hindus believe in?
Educated~ one god
| Uneducated~ many gods
61
Hinduism has a great leader. True or false?
False
62
Hinduism has an organized church. True or false?
False
63
Hinduism rests upon many beliefs. True or false?
True
64
Hinduism is a complete way of living. True or false?
True
65
What is Hinduism know it's and why is it known as that?
Elastic religion because you do not need to be in church to reach God and it is very flexible
66
What are the Hindus four gods and what is each known as?
Brahma~ creator
Iyenar~ invisible watchman
Vichnu~preserver of life
Shiva~ destroyer and recreator
67
Why is death feared upon the Hindus?
The belief in reincarnation/ rebirth which is also called sasmara
68
When you become reincarnated what is your new status based upon?
Karma (way of living)
69
What is nirvana?
The State in which you are released. It is also known as paradise in the highest state or the end state of reincarnation.
70
List the order of the cast system
```
Brahman: priests
Rulers and worriers
Merchants and skilled workers
Farmers and unskilled workers
Untouchables
```
71
Who were the untouchables created by?
What are the untouchables?
What is the purpose of the caste the untouchables?
British government
Welfare
Help lowest of people
72
Who did Gandhi live with?
Untouchables
73
True or false? You cannot marry within your cast.
False. You must marry within your caste.
74
What is dharma?
Special duties
75
What do the Hindus believe is the way of life?
Early years- study
Mary and have children
Give up material processions and spend time in prayer
76
Why is the caste system breaking down?
Laws to end untouchables
Cities broke because of caste job interaction
Caste still strong in villages
77
What was the Jajmani system? What did it mean? What was it caused by? What did it lead to?
Meant barter system
Cause by lack of money due to lower caste
Led to labor division amongst its members
Made each village self sufficient
78
Who lived in a joint family?
```
Mother
Father
Sons
Sons families
Unmarried daughters
```
79
Who was the head of the house?
Eldest male
80
What is the age where girls can get married?
14
81
What is dowary?
It is a way to make up for the loss of a working daughter by payment from the husband
82
When does a woman become a real family member?
After her first child
83
What was looked down upon?
Being childless
84
Why's the joint family breaking down today?
Woman's rights
| Movement of cities
85
What are India slum areas called?
Bustees
86
What were the reasons people left safe villages to go live in the city?
No caste system
| Excitement
87
What is suttee and what does it mean?
Means faithful
| Hindu wife's would be burned to death but their dead husband
88
What is Kali Worship and what does it mean? What were the followers called and what does it mean?
Means blood worship or sacrifice
They wanted human blood badly
Thugs
Rascle
89
Why did the Hindus kill some baby girls?
Girls are not as strong as boys and they needed strong boys to carry down the funeral pier
90
What is a traditional healer?
Person responsible for taking care of diseases and such because there were no doctors
91
What were people of India and frayed of and my really afraid of it?
West medicine
Medicine contained alcohol to me and animal fat. Hindus cannot eat anything that comes from an animal, therefore they would not be able to take the medicines
92
What two presidents visited India him why did they visit?
President Eisenhower and then President Kennedy both visited to support democracy and communism
93
What did we give India money to buy?
American wheat
94
What was the agricultural trade development and assistance act?
We gave India money that came from tax payers to their government to help with roads in food to eat.
95
What did India do when the USA gave them tons of money?
Stay neutral
96
What did Russia do with India and wanted they do to help keep their country in order?
They helped India against Pakistan in their boarder war
| 5 year plans
97
What did Russia gift to India?
High visibility money
98
What were the goals for the five-year plan put in place in 1951? What were the results?
The goals were to increased food supply, build dams to deal with flooding, and increase irrigation.
The results were an increase in food supplies and the annual income rose 10%.
99
What did the second five-year plan strive to accomplish and what were the results?
Improve and create Infrastructure
| Fell short
100
What did the third five-year plan strive to achieve and what were the results?
Wanted to become self-sufficient with food production and supply
Increased literacy rate
Have the first nuclear power plant
Very successful
101
What was the purpose of dividing the blocks of land into 100 villages?
To help these people learn how to survive on their own
102
Who was sent to the blocks of land after they were divided up?
A team of experts who specialized in farming nursing engineering etc.
103
What were the goals that India hope to accomplish by dividing up these blocks of land?
```
Improve farming
road construction
contour plowing
sanitation
teach villagers how to help themselves
```
104
What happened to the program in 1957?
It was criticized for being run by outsiders because the villagers wanted more self rule
105
What was panchayat and what were the results?
A council elected by the people to make decisions for themselves
Did not work because of the caste system
106
What jobs in India to graduates have more success in finding?
Engineers teachers and doctors
107
What was built in India to help farmers and what happened there?
Agricultural colleges have been built and they helped farmers learn about hybrid seeds, how to use fertilizer, and insect killing drugs
108
Why didn't the five-year plans continue to work?
The wealthy wouldn't contribute and the government had little money
109
What did Saudi Arabia and the USA help India with?
Fertilizing plants and textile mills
110
What was nationalization?
Government takeover of all important businesses
111
What was the biggest problem between East and West Pakistan?
One government controlled both lands
112
What issues were the east upset about?
Political domination in the west
Tax revenue earned coming money was used in fairly for the benefit of the west
The west favorite do use of English over the native-language Bengali
113
What is east and west Pakistan's form of government called?
Awami League
114
The awami league favored the west. True or False and justify?
False
The favorite to east because the east got the majority vote
115
Who is the president during the time of the awami league and what did he refuse to do and why did he refuse?
Ayub Khan
Favorited west
Didn't let the league meet because he didn't want then to vote on better thing for the east
116
What happened to the east in 1970 that made the east hate the west even more?
A title wave hit the east
thousands were killed
the West did very little to help
117
What were the results of the title-wave?
Riots
West sent their army
Tons dead
118
What happened in 1971 as a result of the riots and the west army being sent over?
India had to send an army
| West was defeated
119
What was the name of East Pakistan changed to?
Bangladesh
