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Health Science 20 > Chapter 8 The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 The Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Integumentary System is comprised of what?

A

The integumentary system is comprised of the skin and its accessory components, including hair, nails, and associated glands

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2
Q

Integumentary System’s function is?

A
  1. Protects from bacteria/pathogens
  2. Balances fluid levels
  3. Stores fat/adipose tissue for energy supply and insulation
  4. Synthesizes vitamin D (with help from the sun and melanocytes and melanosomes)
  5. Provides sensory input (well innervated)
  6. Helps to regulate body temperature
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3
Q

What is the largest organ of the body?

A

The skin is the largest organ, covering an area about 20 square feet on an adult.

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4
Q

How many major layers does the skin have?

A

3

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5
Q

What are the 3 major layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous Fascia

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6
Q

How many sublayers does the epidermis have?

A

5

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7
Q

Describe the Epidermis.

A
  • No blood vessels
  • Deepest layer produces a new layer every 2 to 4 weeks to refresh surface layer
  • also known as Surface layer:
  • Dead cells—flat, scaly, keratinized epithelial cells
  • Skin underneath pushes up and old layers are removed
  • Replaced by cells from deeper layers
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8
Q

What does Melanocytes do?

A

Produce melanin skin pigment through organelles called melanosomes

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9
Q

Where is the dermis located?

A

Inferior (anatomical term for below) to epidermis

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10
Q

The dermis have what kind of tissues?

A

Connective tissue holds the cells together

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11
Q

The dermis contains what accessory structures?

A
  • Tiny blood vessels that act like a switching area, called capillaries
  • Arector pili muscle
  • Blood vessels, but smaller than veins or arteries called arterioles and venules
  • Hair follicles
  • Proper name for sweat glands sudoriferous gland(s)
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12
Q

sweat/sudoriferous glands are highly concentrated on this facial feature

A

forehead

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13
Q

If sweat has no odor, then how does body odor come to be?

A

Sweat has no odor, but bacteria degrade the substances in the sweat over time into chemicals that give off strong smells commonly known as body odor

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14
Q

Proper name for the oil glands

A

sebaceous gland(s)

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15
Q

What do sebaceous gland(s) do?

A

Secrete sebum (oil)

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16
Q

What is the function of the Secrete sebum (oil)?

A

Sebum (oil) keeps skin from drying out and (because of its acid nature) helps destroy some pathogens on skin’s surface.

17
Q

Subcutaneous Fascia description

A
  • Bottommost layer of skin
  • Elastic and fibrous connective tissue that holds the upper layers to the muscle below
  • Insulation through adipose (fat) tissue and store fat-soluble vitamins
18
Q

Where are melanocytes located?

A

Located deep in the epidermal layer

19
Q

How is skin pigmentation/colour determined?

A

skin pigmentation/colour determined by distribution and abundance of melanin

20
Q

What is Carotene? & what does it do?

A

Carotene, another form of pigment, gives a orangish hue to skin.

21
Q

A pinkish hue derives from what?

A

A pinkish hue derives from the hemoglobin in the blood

22
Q

How does liver disease affect skin color?

A

When liver disease occurs, the skin turns a yellow color.

23
Q

What disease can cause the skin to turn bronze and why?

A

Malfunctioning adrenal gland can cause the skin to turn bronze because of excessive melanin.

24
Q

How does cyanosis affect skin color?

A

Cyanosis, or a blue coloring, results from a drop of oxygen

25
Q

What is the process of skin healing?

A

Clotting/blocking of blood, inflammation, proliferation, then remodeling

26
Q

What does clotting/blocking do?

A
  • Important to prevent bleeding because blood is perfect for pathogens
  • White blood cells protect the body from invasion
27
Q

Why is inflammation important to skin healing?

A

Inflammation prevents further damage by making the area more sensitive

28
Q

What occurs during Proliferation?

A

Proliferation is when all structures begin repair such as connective tissue, blood vessels.

29
Q

How many degrees of burn are there?

A

4

30
Q

What is the worst degree of burn?

A

The worst degree is the fourth degree with burns that penetrate all skin layers, muscle tissue and into the bone

31
Q

What is the Rule of Nines?

A

The number rule associated with burns and the body’s coverage

32
Q

What kind of animal skin has been used in recent years to help burn victims?

A

Fish skin

33
Q

Why fish skin?

A

This skin has had great success due to anti-inflammatory properties and antibacterial

Health Science 20 (3 decks)

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