Chapter 8: The Gas Phase Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mathematical realtionship between all the units of pressure?

A

1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 101.325 kPa

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2
Q

What is standard temperature and pressure?

A

1 atm and 273 K; occupies 22.4 L

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3
Q

What is an ideal gas?

A
  1. no intermolecular forces
  2. occupy no volume
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4
Q

What is the ideal gas law?

A

PV = nRT

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5
Q

What are the units for the R gas constant?

A

L-atm/mol-K

make sure to convert all values to this before substituting

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6
Q

Density is defined as What?

A

ratio of the mass per unit volume of substance

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7
Q

Avogadro’s principle states what?

A

All gases at a constant temp and pressure occupy volumes that are directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present

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8
Q

1 mol of any gas, irrespective of its chemical identity, will occupy how many liters at STP?

A

22.4

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9
Q

Boyle’s law states?

A

Gas held at constant temperature will have volume inversely proportional to pressure

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10
Q

Charles’s Law states?

A

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is proportional to its absolute temperature

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11
Q

Gay-Lussac’s law states?

A

At constant volume, pressure and temp are directly proportional

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12
Q

Dalton’s law of partial pressures states?

A

the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components

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13
Q

____________ ____________ is the pressure exerted by evaporated particles above the surface of a liquid

A

Vapor pressure

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14
Q

Henry’s law: Henry noticed that, at various applied pressures, the ____________ of a gas in a liquid increased or decreased.

A

concentration

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15
Q

Vapor pressure from evaporated molecules forces some of the gas back into liquid phase and equilibrium is reached between what two processes?

A

Evaporation and condensation

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16
Q

Kinetic molecular theory makes 5 assumptions about ideal gas behavior. What are they?

A
  1. Particle volume is negligible to container volume
  2. No intermolecular attractions
  3. Continuous random motion
  4. All collisions are elastic - conservation of momentum and kinetic energy
  5. Average kinetic energy is proportional to absolute temp of gas
17
Q

The speed of an individual gas molecule is impossible to define, so how do we define gas speed?

A

Average molecular speed

18
Q

What can we use to define average gas speed?

A

Root mean square speed

19
Q

What happens to molecules at higher temperatures?

A

A greater proportion move at higher speeds

20
Q

Kinetic molecular theory predicts that heavier gases diffuse (slower/faster)? than lighter ones because of their differing average speeds.

A

slower

21
Q

Because all gas particles have the same average kinetic energy at the same temperature, what must be true about particles with greater mass?

A

They travel at a slower average speed

22
Q

Under isothermal and isobaric conditions, the rates at which 2 gases diffuse are inversely proportion to what?

A

The square roots of their molar masses

23
Q

____________ is the flow of gas particles under pressure from one compartment to another through a small opening.

A

Effusion

24
Q

Rates of effusion are proportional to what?

A

Average speeds

25
Q

At high pressures, the size of particles becomes relatively large compared to the distance between them, which causes what?

A

Causes them to take up larger volume than predicted

26
Q

At moderate pressure, a gas’s volume is less than expected because of what?

A

intermolecular attraction

27
Q

The closer a gas is to its ____________ ________, the less ideally it acts.

A

boiling point

28
Q

What equation corrects for real gas behavior?

A

van der Waals equation