Chapter 8 Test Study Guide

Question 1

Who developed the first periodic table and how were the elements arranged?

Answer 1

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869). They are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.

Question 2

How did henry Moseley improve the periodic table?

Answer 2

Henry Moseley arranged elements by atomic number.

Question 3

How are the groups arranged on the periodic table?

Answer 3

Groups-vertical columns similar properties.

Groups-same number of electrons in outer energy level.

Question 4

What is the valence shell?

Answer 4

Number of electrons in (outer) energy levels.

Question 5

In terms of electrons, what do the members of each group have in common?

Answer 5

Same number of electrons in valence shell.

Question 6

What is the ideal number of electrons in a valence shell?

Answer 6

8 electrons (except for Hydrogen and Helium-period 1-it’s 2)

Question 7

How many electrons are in the valence shell of Group 1, Group @, Group 17 and Group 18 elements?

Answer 7

Group 1- 1 electron
Group 2-2 electrons
Group 17-7 electrons
Group 18-8 electrons

Question 8

Group 1 elements want to ? electrons? While Group 17 elements want to ? electrons? Group 18 elements have a ? number of electrons?

Answer 8

Group 1-always want to loose an electron.
Group 17-always want to gain an electron.
Group 18-are stable. They stay the same.

Question 9

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

Answer 9

Periods.

Question 10

80% of all elements are considered to be?

Answer 10

Metals.

Question 11

Non-metals are found where on the periodic table?

Answer 11

Upper right hand corner and Hydrogen.

Question 12

What information is found here?
2
He
Helium
4.003

Answer 12

2-atomic number
He-atomic symbols
Helium-element name
4.003-atomic mass

Question 13

What is an ion?

Answer 13

An ion is an atom or a group of atoms having electric charge as a result of losing or gaining 1 or more electrons.

Question 14

What is a cation?

Answer 14

Positively charged ions. (loose electrons)

Question 15

What is an anion?

Answer 15

Negatively charged ions. (gain electrons)

Question 16

What is ionization energy?

Answer 16

The amount of energy it takes it to loose an electron.

Question 17

What units are used to measure ionization energy?

Answer 17

Kilojouls.

Question 18

The higher the ionization energy, the harder it is to do what?

Answer 18

Lose electrons.

Question 19

What is the name of the first energy level?

Answer 19

.

Question 20

How many electrons are found in an s orbital?

Answer 20

.

Question 21

The second energy level contains what 2 orbitals?

Answer 21

.

Question 22

How many electrons fit in a p orbital?

Answer 22

.

Question 23

Energy level 2 is full when it has ? electrons?

Answer 23

.

Question 24

Place the electrons in the proper energy levels for these electron configurations.
see diagram

Answer 24

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Question 25

What is electron configuration of He (2e), C (6e), Si (14e) & Ar (18e)?

Answer 25

.

Question 26

Each period on the periodic table represent how many energy levels?

Answer 26

.

Question 27

What is luster and malleability?

Answer 27

.

Question 28

Why are the metals good conductors of electricity?

Answer 28

.

Question 29

Alkali metals have how many electrons in their outer shell?

Answer 29

Have 1 electron in outer shell.

Question 30

Alkaline earth metals have how many electrons in their outer shell?

Answer 30

2 electrons in outer shell.

Question 31

What is the largest group of metals?

Answer 31

The transition metals.

Question 32

Where can you find rare earth metals?

Answer 32

Earth’s crust.

Question 33

What is a metalloid?

Answer 33

Elemens with properties of both metals and non metals.

Question 34

What are halogens, and how many electrons do they have in their outer shell?

Answer 34

One of the group 17 elements (Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, iodine, Astatine) that can combine with metals to form salts. 7 electrons.

Question 35

What are the Noble gases, and how many electrons are found in their outer shell?

Answer 35

Helium, Neo, Argon, Krypton, Xonon, Radon. 8 electrons.

Question 36

Name five others important non-metals and what they are used for?

Answer 36

Carbon-photosynthesis. Hydrogen-H2O (water) .Sulfer stinks in mines . Oxygen-breathing. Nitrogen-stuff in the galaxy.

Question 37

Fill in the following chemical equations:

• –Ca2 + —Cl- ——>——–
• –Fe3 + —O2- —–>——–
• –Na+ + —P3- ——>——–

Answer 37

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Question 38

See Diagram

Answer 38

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