Chapter 8 Test Review - Part 1 Flashcards
Identify these contractions: Shortens the muscles and causes movement.
Isotonic
Identify these contractions: Slight, constant contraction during consciousness.
Tone
Identify these contractions: Increases muscle tension but no movement occurs.
Isometric
Identify these contractions: Continuous sustained contraction allowing smooth movement
Tetanus
Identify these contractions: “Stairstep” increase in contraction with repeated stimulation before muscle has completely relaxed.
Summation
Name the type of tissue described: Multinucleated
Skeletal
Name the type of tissue described: Found in blood vessels and stomach
Smooth
Name the type of tissue described: Voluntary
Skeletal
Name the type of tissue described: Branched with intercalated discs.
Cardiac
Name the type of tissue described: Spindle-shaped
Smooth
Name the type of tissue described: Cylindrical in shape; unbranched.
Skeletal
Name the type of tissue described: Striated
Cardiac, skeletal
Name the type of tissue described: Involuntary
Cardiac, smooth
Name the type of tissue described: Found in heart
Cardiac
Name the type of tissue described: Unstraited
Smooth
Name the type of tissue described: Usually attached to bones
Skeletal
Name the type of tissue described: Longest individual cells
Skeletal
Name the type of tissue described: Nonstriated
Smooth
Does the length of actin and myosin filaments change during muscle contraction?
No
What is essential for maintaining posture?
Tone
What is the third phase (period) or a muscle twitch contraction?
Relaxation
What are the structures in the enlarged bulb of an axon provide energy to make ACh?
Mitochondria
What is the state of limpness in which muscle tone is lost?
Flaccid
What is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber?
Sarcoplasm
What is the tissue that is responsible for most of the heat production going on in our body?
Muscle tissue
All the muscle fibers in a ____ must contract or relax together.
Motor unit
The movement of these ions from outside the sarcolemma to inside causes an action potential to begin to move along.
Sodium ions
What are the ions that are necessary to trigger muscle contraction?
Calcium ions
What are dietary supplements that some studies show may result in more lifting power?
Creatine
What is the storage form of glucose in our liver and muscles?
Glycogen
What is the anaerobic process that provided enough energy for 30-40 seconds of maximal activity?
Glycosis
What connective tissue attaches muscle to bone?
Tendon
What is the source of energy for muscle contraction?
ATP
What is another name for an action potential?
Impulse
What is required by mitochondria in the aerobic production of energy for muscle contraction?
Oxygen
What is another name for muscle cells?
Fiber
What is the cell membrane of muscle cells?
Sarcolemma
What is the alternate light and dark bands running through the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell?
Strations
What is a single nerve fiber and the muscle fibers it supplies?
Motor unit
What chemical is necessary to transfer the nerve impulse to stimulate the muscle?
Acetylcholine (ACl)
What is the time between the application if a stimulus and the actual shortening of the muscle?
Latent period
What are the two types of skeletal muscle contractions needed for normal body movements?
Isotonic/Tetanus
What is the connection between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber?
Neuromuscular junction
What is a brief contraction if all muscle fibers of a motor unit in response to a single stimulus?
Twitch
Most if the Ca+2 is found here when a fuscle fiber is relaxed.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
What is a stiffening of the muscles after death due to Ca+2 leaking out of the Sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Rigor mortis
Name the major functions of the muscles:
Body position, movement of heat, stabilize, volume
What is the neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles of neurons supplying skeletal muscle?
ACh
What is the thick notify lament that had enlarged heads to from cross bridges?
Myosin
Skeletal muscles have a ______ blood supply and a ______ nerve supply.
Good, good
