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Physiology - Grant > Chapter 8 Test Review - Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Test Review - Part 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Identify these contractions: Shortens the muscles and causes movement.

A

Isotonic

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1
Q

Identify these contractions: Slight, constant contraction during consciousness.

A

Tone

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2
Q

Identify these contractions: Increases muscle tension but no movement occurs.

A

Isometric

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3
Q

Identify these contractions: Continuous sustained contraction allowing smooth movement

A

Tetanus

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4
Q

Identify these contractions: “Stairstep” increase in contraction with repeated stimulation before muscle has completely relaxed.

A

Summation

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5
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Multinucleated

A

Skeletal

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6
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Found in blood vessels and stomach

A

Smooth

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7
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Voluntary

A

Skeletal

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8
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Branched with intercalated discs.

A

Cardiac

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9
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Spindle-shaped

A

Smooth

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10
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Cylindrical in shape; unbranched.

A

Skeletal

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11
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Striated

A

Cardiac, skeletal

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12
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Involuntary

A

Cardiac, smooth

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13
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Found in heart

A

Cardiac

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14
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Unstraited

A

Smooth

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15
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Usually attached to bones

A

Skeletal

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16
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Longest individual cells

A

Skeletal

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17
Q

Name the type of tissue described: Nonstriated

A

Smooth

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18
Q

Does the length of actin and myosin filaments change during muscle contraction?

A

No

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19
Q

What is essential for maintaining posture?

A

Tone

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20
Q

What is the third phase (period) or a muscle twitch contraction?

A

Relaxation

21
Q

What are the structures in the enlarged bulb of an axon provide energy to make ACh?

A

Mitochondria

22
Q

What is the state of limpness in which muscle tone is lost?

A

Flaccid

23
Q

What is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber?

A

Sarcoplasm

24
Q

What is the tissue that is responsible for most of the heat production going on in our body?

A

Muscle tissue

25
Q

All the muscle fibers in a ____ must contract or relax together.

A

Motor unit

26
Q

The movement of these ions from outside the sarcolemma to inside causes an action potential to begin to move along.

A

Sodium ions

27
Q

What are the ions that are necessary to trigger muscle contraction?

A

Calcium ions

28
Q

What are dietary supplements that some studies show may result in more lifting power?

A

Creatine

29
Q

What is the storage form of glucose in our liver and muscles?

A

Glycogen

30
Q

What is the anaerobic process that provided enough energy for 30-40 seconds of maximal activity?

A

Glycosis

31
Q

What connective tissue attaches muscle to bone?

A

Tendon

32
Q

What is the source of energy for muscle contraction?

A

ATP

33
Q

What is another name for an action potential?

A

Impulse

34
Q

What is required by mitochondria in the aerobic production of energy for muscle contraction?

A

Oxygen

35
Q

What is another name for muscle cells?

A

Fiber

36
Q

What is the cell membrane of muscle cells?

A

Sarcolemma

37
Q

What is the alternate light and dark bands running through the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell?

A

Strations

38
Q

What is a single nerve fiber and the muscle fibers it supplies?

A

Motor unit

39
Q

What chemical is necessary to transfer the nerve impulse to stimulate the muscle?

A

Acetylcholine (ACl)

40
Q

What is the time between the application if a stimulus and the actual shortening of the muscle?

A

Latent period

41
Q

What are the two types of skeletal muscle contractions needed for normal body movements?

A

Isotonic/Tetanus

42
Q

What is the connection between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber?

A

Neuromuscular junction

43
Q

What is a brief contraction if all muscle fibers of a motor unit in response to a single stimulus?

A

Twitch

44
Q

Most if the Ca+2 is found here when a fuscle fiber is relaxed.

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

45
Q

What is a stiffening of the muscles after death due to Ca+2 leaking out of the Sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Rigor mortis

46
Q

Name the major functions of the muscles:

A

Body position, movement of heat, stabilize, volume

47
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles of neurons supplying skeletal muscle?

A

ACh

48
Q

What is the thick notify lament that had enlarged heads to from cross bridges?

A

Myosin

49
Q

Skeletal muscles have a ______ blood supply and a ______ nerve supply.

A

Good, good

Physiology - Grant (5 decks)

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