chapter 8 study sets Flashcards
foods high in vitamin K
green leafy greens broccoli liver meat eggs cereal
warfarin prevents?
stroke
beta-adrenergic blockers are?
propranolol
acebutolol
metoprolol
carvedilol
what are conditions leading to cardiac arrest
ventricular tachycardia
ventricular fibrillation
ventricular asystole
obstructions exceeding 75% of the lumen of one or more of the three coronary arteries increase?
Risk of death
the most common cause of angina pectoris is?
atherosclerosis
what is a decreased blood supply to a body organ or part, often marked by pain and organ dysfunction?
ischemia
myocardial ischemia lasting more than 35 to 45 mins produces what?
cellular damage and necrosis
what is the development of new vessels in the heart that compensate for the loss of circulation from the occluded artery?
collateral circulation
medication for angina pectoris
nitroglycerin
signs and symptoms of angina pectoris ?
dyspnea
anxiety
diaphoresis
nausea
signs and symptoms of an acute MI in women
SOB
weakness
indigestion
anxiety
left ventricular function of cardiogenic shock severely decreased resulting in an inadequate?
blood supply to the vital organs
meds for MI
nitrate
diuretics
digoxin
angiotensin
med management for cardiogenic shock
adrenergic drugs; dopamine at therapeutic levels increases cardiac output and BP
what are signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema and pleural effusion?
dyspnea
orthopnea
pulmonary crackles
frothy sputum
right ventricular failure can also result from?
chronic pulmonary disease
a higher level of BNP correlates with what?
an increase in the pt’s signs and symptoms of HF
ACE inhibitors such as captopril, rampil, benazepil decreased what ?
peripheral vascular resistance and improve cardiac output
what are two beta blockers approved by FDA to treat HF?
carvedilol
metoprolol
edema and pulmonary congestion are treated with what?
diuretics
sodium restricted diet
restricted fluid
frothy sputum is produced from air mixing with the fluid in the ?
alveoli
heart valves passively open and close in response to?
pressure change in the heart
valvular disorders occur in children, adolescents and adults, primarily from?
congenital conditions
Rheumatic fever is caused by an
untreated or undertreated streptococcal infection
the most common symptoms of angina is severe ?
exercise intolerance
what is an indication for cardiac transplantation?
end stage heart disease that is not responding to medical therapy
what is a contraindications for cardiac transplantation?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus with end-organ damage
pulse scale are?
+1= barely
+2= weak
+3=normal
+4= bounding
pitting edema scale are ?
\+1= trace 2mm rapid \+2= mild. 4mm 10-15 sec \+3= moderate. 6mm 1-2 mins \+4= severe 8mm 2-5 mins
what are signs and symptoms of malignant hypertension?
awakening with headache
blurred vision
spontaneous epistaxis
signs and symptoms of arterial disorders?
pain; arching
pulse; diminishes
edema; usually present
skin; dry, cool
what are signs and symptoms of venous disorder?
pain; cramping; caused by exercise
pulse; usually present
edema; present
skin; warm
the result of atherosclerosis is the result narrowing of the artery and reduced nutrients and oxygen reaching the tissue, resulting in?
tissue ischemia
patients with chronic PAD may have ?
Rubor
cyanosis
arterial ulcers
cellulitis
aneurysms may be the result of arteriosclerosis and ?
trauma or congenital defect
what are nursing intervention and PT teaching for thrombophlebitis?
early mobilization, early ambulation
the electrical impulse pathway starts in the?
SA node, which is the pacemaker of the heart; it initiate the heartbeat
the heart is composed of four chambers…
two atria and two ventricles
serum electrolyte test focus on the body’s balance of
sodium
potassium
calcium
magnessium
which are necessary for muscle function
sodium (Na+) helps to maintain?
fluid balance
potassium (K+) is required for relaxation of ?
cardiac muscle
calcium (ca2+) is necessary for contraction of ?
cardiac muscle
magnesium (mg2+) helps maintain the correct level of electric excitability in the nerves and muscle including the ?
myocardium and the cardiac conduction system
an important cardiac marker is called ?
Troponin I
common lab exams to evaluate cardiovascular function are ?
Blood culture CBC INR PTT ESR ABG BNP
what are diagnostic tests to evaluate cardiovascular function?
cardiac catheterization Echocardiography Telemetry stress test PET thallium scanning
possible nursing diagnosis for the pt with MI include?
pain
tissue perfusion
anxiety
constipation
signs and symptoms of HF with left ventricular failure include?
cough
dyspnea
pulmonary crackles
frothy blood, tinged sputum
signs and symptoms of HF with right ventricular failure include?
edema in feet
anorexia
distended jugular vein
nursing interventions for the pt with valvular heart disease?
administering;
- diuretics
- digoxin
- monitor i&o daily weight
- take BP
nursing interventions for hypertension
risk factor recognition
drug therapy
exercise
exercise technique
what is the heart failure that causes pt to drawn in their own fluid?
pulmonary edema
what to monitor in pt hydrothiazide ?
lungs
daily weight
i&o
electrolyte
where is the location of the heart?
mediastinum
what is another way to check BNP?
hormone
BNP above 100 can cause heart failure
time is muscle
CAB
CPR
AED
What a is pump failure, characterized by low cardiac output and peripheral vascular system collapse?
Cardiogenic shock
Two types of cardiac rehabilitation are:
- Exercise training to teach the pt how to exercise safely
2. Education, counseling, and training to help the pt understand his or her heart conditions.
Valves are:
Triscupid, pulmonary, mitral and aortic
