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cardiovascular and peripheral disorders > CHAPTER 8 (STUDY SETS) > Flashcards

CHAPTER 8 (STUDY SETS) Flashcards

1
Q

name the four types of cardiac dysrhythmias..

A

sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia

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2
Q

what is any cardiac rhythm that deviates from normal sinus rhythm?

A

cardiac dysrhythmias

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3
Q

what are medications prescribed to treat DVT and atrial fibrillation?

A
  • pradaxa

- xarelto

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4
Q

in atrial fibrillation the goal of anticoagulant is to maintain what?

A

An International Normalized Ratio (INR) between 2 and 3

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5
Q

what are 3 medications for cardiac dysrhythmias ?

A

–digoxin, lidocaine, disopyramide

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6
Q

what are four lab tests used to evaluate cardiovascular function?

A
  • complete blood count
  • coagulation studies
  • serum electrolytes test
  • serum lipids
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7
Q

risk factors for CAD are classified as?

A

non modifiable and modifiable factors

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8
Q

clinical manifestations of Raynaud disease

A
  • cold mitral commissurotomy
  • cold hands and feet
  • pallor
  • cutaneous cyanosis
  • burning
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9
Q

what are surgical procedures that are practiced when medical therapy no longer alleviates the clinical symptoms of valvular heart disease?

A
  • open mitral commissurotomy

- valve replacement

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10
Q

what are clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema?

A

-frothy bloody sputum mixed with fluid in the alveoli

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11
Q

what are recommended test for angina pectoris?

A
  • EKG
  • Holter monitor
  • Exercise stress test
  • Thallium scanning
  • PET
  • coronary angiography
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12
Q

what is ventricular tachycardia medical management?

A

focuses on intravenous administered procainamide or amiodarone

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13
Q

what is computerized radiographic technique that used radioactive substance?

A

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

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14
Q

what uses high-frequency ultrasound directed at the heart?

A

Echocardiography

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15
Q

list diagnostic tests used to evaluate cardiovascular function?

A
  • x-ray
  • cardiac catheterization
  • angiography
  • EKG
  • Cardiac monitor
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16
Q

what does a catheter inserted to the heart chambers measure?

A
  • heart abnormalities
  • valvular defects
  • arterial occlusion
  • congenital abnormalities
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17
Q

why is thrombolytic therapy the standard practice in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction?

A

it salvage muscle by minimize infarct size and maximizing heart function

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18
Q

what are management complication of myocardial infarction?

A
  • ventricular fibrillation
  • cardiogenic shock
  • HF
  • dysrhythmias
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19
Q

1 litre of fluid equal how many pounds?

A

2.2 pounds

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20
Q

list two major venous disorders

A
  • thrombophlebitis

- varicose veins

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21
Q

what are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • transportation system of the body
  • delivers 02 nutrient to the cells to support their individual activities
  • transport the cells waste products to the appropriate organ disposal
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22
Q

the SA node is said to be the——of the heart because it initiates the heartbeat

A

pacemaker

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23
Q

this kinds of blood vessels carry the blood to and from the heart

A

arteries, veins, capillaries

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24
Q

when assessing your patients pulses in their extremity you note a weak, thready palpable pulse you document that finding as ?

A

+2

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25
Q

upon taking your patients BP, you document 118/78. you know that this finding is?

A

normal

26
Q

Rheumatic heart disease is the result of rheumatic fever, and some other causes including ..

A
  • inadequately treated childhood pharyngeal infection
  • inadequately treated childhood upper respiratory infection
  • Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
27
Q

what are signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema?

A

Tachycardia, cyanosis, pallor, tachypnea, agitation

28
Q

list four signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock

A

dysrhythmias, chest pain, anxiety, agitation

29
Q

list four medications used for myocardial infarction

A

Atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, nadolol

30
Q

when your HF pt’s heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s demand you know that your pt has what kind of failure?

A

ventricular failure

31
Q

upon assessing your patient for edema, you identify that your patient has a response time of 2 mins and the area is depressed about 6mm you would rate your pt’s edema as?

A

+4

32
Q

list 4 meds used for HF

A
  • digoxin
  • ACE inhibitors
  • thiazide
  • loop diuretics
33
Q

what are some treatment for your HF patient with edema and pulmonary congestion?

A
  • diuretics
  • sodium restricted diets
  • restricted fluid intake
34
Q

what are the four common symptoms of MI are?

A
  • fatigue
  • sleep disturbances
  • shortness of breath
  • weakness
35
Q

your patients substernal pain brought on by exercise is relieved by Nitroglycerin. what is your pt experiencing ?

A

Angina pectoris

36
Q

list 3 condition that lead to a cardiac arrest

A
  • severe ventricular tachycardia
  • ventricular fibrillation
  • ventricular asystole
37
Q

list 3 meds used for cardiac dysrhythmias

A
  • simvastatin
  • atorvastatin
  • rosuvastatin
38
Q

what must you monitor prior to administering your patient digoxin?

A

-toxicity, bradycardia, tachycardia, headache, fatigue

39
Q

the hallmark findings in pericarditis

A

pericardial friction, friction rub, grating, scratching and leathery sounds are detected, although this appears in only about half of the cases

40
Q

list two types of valvular problesm

A

stenosis, insufficiency

41
Q

upon auscultation of your patients heart you hear s3 gallop, your pt also complains of weakness, fatigue, exertional dyspnea and palpitation what valvular heart disease might your patient be diagnosed with?

A

mitral valve regurgitation

42
Q

your patient is diagnosed with heart failure, list at least 4 areas you could conduct patient teaching

A
  • the pt should stop smoking
  • high foods high in sodium
  • eat 20 to 30 grams of soluble fibre everyday
  • stress the importance of the pt participating in cardiac rehab service
43
Q

list 3 interventions for your pt diagnosed with acute pulmonary edema

A
  • pt in high fowlers position
  • morphine sulphate 10 to 15mg
  • oxygen at 40% to 100%
  • nonrebreather face mask, intubation as needed
44
Q

diagnostic tests for pulmonary edema include?

A

radiograp, arterial blood gas

45
Q

pericarditis is the inflammation of the sac surrounding the liver

A

false

46
Q

endocarditis is an infection or inflammation

A

true

47
Q

list four types of secondary cardiomyopathy causations

A

-metabolic, drugs, alcohol, radiation therapy`

48
Q

list the 3 classification of cardiomyopathy

A
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
  • hypertrophic
  • restrictive
49
Q

your recent cardiac transplant patient began immunosuppressive therapy, upon surgery you know that an important nursing intervention to prevent the death of your pt is?

A

infection

50
Q

list 3 contraindications for cardiac transplant

A

severe osteoporosis, obesity, history of drugs

51
Q

list 4 modifiable risk factors for peripheral vascular disease

A

smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, emotional stress

52
Q

list nonmodifiable risk factors for peripheral vascular disease

A

age, gender, hereditary

53
Q

list 4 nonpharmacologic therapies for hypertension

A

reduced saturated fat, stop smoking, exercise regularly

54
Q

signs and symptoms of advanced hypertension might include…

A

headache, blurred vision, spontaneous epistaxis

55
Q

a common factor in hypertension is

A

vasoconstriction

56
Q

this force is the greatest force caused by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

A

systolic

57
Q

list 4 diagnostic tests for peripheral vascular disorders

A

angiography, treadmill test, digital subtraction angiography, puplex scanning

58
Q

this disorder is characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of large and medium arteries resulting in tissue ischemia

A

arteriosclerosis

59
Q

on assessment of your patient you palpate a large pulsating, nontender abdominal mass. what might you suspect as a cause?

A

abdominal aneurysm

60
Q

what is the easiest and most cost effective method to decrease the risk of DVT

A

early mobilization

cardiovascular and peripheral disorders (3 decks)

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