CHAPTER 8 (STUDY SETS) Flashcards
name the four types of cardiac dysrhythmias..
sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia
what is any cardiac rhythm that deviates from normal sinus rhythm?
cardiac dysrhythmias
what are medications prescribed to treat DVT and atrial fibrillation?
- pradaxa
- xarelto
in atrial fibrillation the goal of anticoagulant is to maintain what?
An International Normalized Ratio (INR) between 2 and 3
what are 3 medications for cardiac dysrhythmias ?
–digoxin, lidocaine, disopyramide
what are four lab tests used to evaluate cardiovascular function?
- complete blood count
- coagulation studies
- serum electrolytes test
- serum lipids
risk factors for CAD are classified as?
non modifiable and modifiable factors
clinical manifestations of Raynaud disease
- cold mitral commissurotomy
- cold hands and feet
- pallor
- cutaneous cyanosis
- burning
what are surgical procedures that are practiced when medical therapy no longer alleviates the clinical symptoms of valvular heart disease?
- open mitral commissurotomy
- valve replacement
what are clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema?
-frothy bloody sputum mixed with fluid in the alveoli
what are recommended test for angina pectoris?
- EKG
- Holter monitor
- Exercise stress test
- Thallium scanning
- PET
- coronary angiography
what is ventricular tachycardia medical management?
focuses on intravenous administered procainamide or amiodarone
what is computerized radiographic technique that used radioactive substance?
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
what uses high-frequency ultrasound directed at the heart?
Echocardiography
list diagnostic tests used to evaluate cardiovascular function?
- x-ray
- cardiac catheterization
- angiography
- EKG
- Cardiac monitor
what does a catheter inserted to the heart chambers measure?
- heart abnormalities
- valvular defects
- arterial occlusion
- congenital abnormalities
why is thrombolytic therapy the standard practice in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction?
it salvage muscle by minimize infarct size and maximizing heart function
what are management complication of myocardial infarction?
- ventricular fibrillation
- cardiogenic shock
- HF
- dysrhythmias
1 litre of fluid equal how many pounds?
2.2 pounds
list two major venous disorders
- thrombophlebitis
- varicose veins
what are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
- transportation system of the body
- delivers 02 nutrient to the cells to support their individual activities
- transport the cells waste products to the appropriate organ disposal
the SA node is said to be the——of the heart because it initiates the heartbeat
pacemaker
this kinds of blood vessels carry the blood to and from the heart
arteries, veins, capillaries
when assessing your patients pulses in their extremity you note a weak, thready palpable pulse you document that finding as ?
+2
upon taking your patients BP, you document 118/78. you know that this finding is?
normal
Rheumatic heart disease is the result of rheumatic fever, and some other causes including ..
- inadequately treated childhood pharyngeal infection
- inadequately treated childhood upper respiratory infection
- Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
what are signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema?
Tachycardia, cyanosis, pallor, tachypnea, agitation
list four signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock
dysrhythmias, chest pain, anxiety, agitation
list four medications used for myocardial infarction
Atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, nadolol
when your HF pt’s heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s demand you know that your pt has what kind of failure?
ventricular failure
upon assessing your patient for edema, you identify that your patient has a response time of 2 mins and the area is depressed about 6mm you would rate your pt’s edema as?
+4
list 4 meds used for HF
- digoxin
- ACE inhibitors
- thiazide
- loop diuretics
what are some treatment for your HF patient with edema and pulmonary congestion?
- diuretics
- sodium restricted diets
- restricted fluid intake
what are the four common symptoms of MI are?
- fatigue
- sleep disturbances
- shortness of breath
- weakness
your patients substernal pain brought on by exercise is relieved by Nitroglycerin. what is your pt experiencing ?
Angina pectoris
list 3 condition that lead to a cardiac arrest
- severe ventricular tachycardia
- ventricular fibrillation
- ventricular asystole
list 3 meds used for cardiac dysrhythmias
- simvastatin
- atorvastatin
- rosuvastatin
what must you monitor prior to administering your patient digoxin?
-toxicity, bradycardia, tachycardia, headache, fatigue
the hallmark findings in pericarditis
pericardial friction, friction rub, grating, scratching and leathery sounds are detected, although this appears in only about half of the cases
list two types of valvular problesm
stenosis, insufficiency
upon auscultation of your patients heart you hear s3 gallop, your pt also complains of weakness, fatigue, exertional dyspnea and palpitation what valvular heart disease might your patient be diagnosed with?
mitral valve regurgitation
your patient is diagnosed with heart failure, list at least 4 areas you could conduct patient teaching
- the pt should stop smoking
- high foods high in sodium
- eat 20 to 30 grams of soluble fibre everyday
- stress the importance of the pt participating in cardiac rehab service
list 3 interventions for your pt diagnosed with acute pulmonary edema
- pt in high fowlers position
- morphine sulphate 10 to 15mg
- oxygen at 40% to 100%
- nonrebreather face mask, intubation as needed
diagnostic tests for pulmonary edema include?
radiograp, arterial blood gas
pericarditis is the inflammation of the sac surrounding the liver
false
endocarditis is an infection or inflammation
true
list four types of secondary cardiomyopathy causations
-metabolic, drugs, alcohol, radiation therapy`
list the 3 classification of cardiomyopathy
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- hypertrophic
- restrictive
your recent cardiac transplant patient began immunosuppressive therapy, upon surgery you know that an important nursing intervention to prevent the death of your pt is?
infection
list 3 contraindications for cardiac transplant
severe osteoporosis, obesity, history of drugs
list 4 modifiable risk factors for peripheral vascular disease
smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, emotional stress
list nonmodifiable risk factors for peripheral vascular disease
age, gender, hereditary
list 4 nonpharmacologic therapies for hypertension
reduced saturated fat, stop smoking, exercise regularly
signs and symptoms of advanced hypertension might include…
headache, blurred vision, spontaneous epistaxis
a common factor in hypertension is
vasoconstriction
this force is the greatest force caused by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
systolic
list 4 diagnostic tests for peripheral vascular disorders
angiography, treadmill test, digital subtraction angiography, puplex scanning
this disorder is characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of large and medium arteries resulting in tissue ischemia
arteriosclerosis
on assessment of your patient you palpate a large pulsating, nontender abdominal mass. what might you suspect as a cause?
abdominal aneurysm
what is the easiest and most cost effective method to decrease the risk of DVT
early mobilization
