Chapter 8 Study Guide Flashcards
a crystalline form of carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded strongly to four other carbon atoms
diamond
when each carbon atom is bonded tightly to three other carbon atoms in flat layers
graphite
carbon atoms arranged in a hollow sphere
fullerene
carbon atoms arranged in the shape a long hollow tube
nanotube
compounds that contain carbon
organic compound
a compound that contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon
hydrocarbon
shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule
structural formula
compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas
isomer
a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds
saturated hydrocarbon
hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds
unsaturated hydrocarbon
in these, atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
substitute hydrocarbon
an atom made of oxygen and hydrogen
hydroxyl group
a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups
alcohol
a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups
organic acid
A COOH group found in organic acids
carboxyl group
a compound made by chemically combining an alchohol and an organic acid
ester
a very large molecule made of a chain of many smaller molecules bonded together
polymer
the smaller molecules
monomer
these are formed from smaller molecules called amino acids
protein
a monomer that is a building block of proteins
amino acid
synthetic polymers that can be molded or shaped - the most common products
plastic
this combines two or more substances in a new material with different properties
composite
an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbohydrate
one of the most important sugars in your body
glucose
a polymer made of smaller molecules that are simple carbohydrates bonded to one another
complex carbohydrate
plants store energy in this form of complex carbohydrates
starch
plants build strong stems and roots with this complex carbohydrate
cellulose
energy-rich compounds made of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
lipid
Each fat or oil is made from three of these and one alcohol named glycerol
fatty acid
a waxy substance found in all animal cells
cholesterol
very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phospurous
nucleic acid
deoxyribonecleic acid
DNA
ribonucleic acid
RNA
the building blocks of the simplest living this - the DNA contains billions of nucleotides
nucleotide
