Chapter 8 Study Guide

Question 1

a crystalline form of carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded strongly to four other carbon atoms

Answer 1

diamond

Question 2

when each carbon atom is bonded tightly to three other carbon atoms in flat layers

Answer 2

graphite

Question 3

carbon atoms arranged in a hollow sphere

Answer 3

fullerene

Question 4

carbon atoms arranged in the shape a long hollow tube

Answer 4

nanotube

Question 5

compounds that contain carbon

Answer 5

organic compound

Question 6

a compound that contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon

Answer 6

hydrocarbon

Question 7

shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Answer 7

structural formula

Question 8

compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas

Answer 8

isomer

Question 9

a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

Answer 9

saturated hydrocarbon

Question 10

hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds

Answer 10

unsaturated hydrocarbon

Question 11

in these, atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

Answer 11

substitute hydrocarbon

Question 12

an atom made of oxygen and hydrogen

Answer 12

hydroxyl group

Question 13

a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups

Answer 13

alcohol

Question 14

a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups

Answer 14

organic acid

Question 15

A COOH group found in organic acids

Answer 15

carboxyl group

Question 16

a compound made by chemically combining an alchohol and an organic acid

Answer 16

ester

Question 17

a very large molecule made of a chain of many smaller molecules bonded together

Answer 17

polymer

Question 18

the smaller molecules

Answer 18

monomer

Question 19

these are formed from smaller molecules called amino acids

Answer 19

protein

Question 20

a monomer that is a building block of proteins

Answer 20

amino acid

Question 21

synthetic polymers that can be molded or shaped - the most common products

Answer 21

plastic

Question 22

this combines two or more substances in a new material with different properties

Answer 22

composite

Question 23

an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 23

carbohydrate

Question 24

one of the most important sugars in your body

Answer 24

glucose

Question 25

a polymer made of smaller molecules that are simple carbohydrates bonded to one another

Answer 25

complex carbohydrate

Question 26

plants store energy in this form of complex carbohydrates

Answer 26

starch

Question 27

plants build strong stems and roots with this complex carbohydrate

Answer 27

cellulose

Question 28

energy-rich compounds made of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen

Answer 28

lipid

Question 29

Each fat or oil is made from three of these and one alcohol named glycerol

Answer 29

fatty acid

Question 30

a waxy substance found in all animal cells

Answer 30

cholesterol

Question 31

very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phospurous

Answer 31

nucleic acid

Question 32

deoxyribonecleic acid

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

ribonucleic acid

Answer 33

RNA

Question 34

the building blocks of the simplest living this - the DNA contains billions of nucleotides

Answer 34

nucleotide