Chapter 4 study guide

Question 1

the smallest particle of an element

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

negatively charged particles

Answer 2

electron

Question 3

a tiny region in an atoms center

Answer 3

nucleaus

Question 4

positively charged particles in the nucleus

Answer 4

proton

Question 5

the specific amount of energy an atom has

Answer 5

energy level

Question 6

a particle that has no electrical charge

Answer 6

neutron

Question 7

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 7

atomic number

Question 8

the different number of protons in an atom

Answer 8

isotope

Question 9

the sum of the protons and the neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 9

mass number

Question 10

the average mass of all the isotopes in an element

Answer 10

atomic mass

Question 11

an arrangement of elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties.

Answer 11

periodic table

Question 12

the horizontal rows of the periodic table

Answer 12

period

Question 13

the vertical columns in the periodic table also sometimes called families.

Answer 13

group

Question 14

a representation of an element usually consisting of on or two (sometimes 3) letter

Answer 14

chemical symbol

Question 15

elements that are good conductors of electric and thermal energy

Answer 15

metal

Question 16

this kind of material is one that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets or other shapes

Answer 16

malleable

Question 17

this kind of material is one that can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire

Answer 17

ductile

Question 18

the ability of an object to transfer heat

Answer 18

thermal conductivity

Question 19

The ability of an object to transfer electric current

Answer 19

electrical conductivity

Question 20

the ease and speed with which a substance reacts with other substances

Answer 20

reactivity

Question 21

the gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reaction

Answer 21

corrosion

Question 22

The metals in Group 1, from lithium to francium

Answer 22

alkali metal

Question 23

Group 2 of the periodic table

Answer 23

alkaline earth metal

Question 24

the elements in groups 3-12

Answer 24

transition metal

Question 25

these powerful machines move atomic nuclei faster and faster until they have reached very high speeds

Answer 25

particle accelerator

Question 26

an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal

Answer 26

nonmetal

Question 27

a molecule that consists of two atoms, such as oxygen O2

Answer 27

diatomic molecule

Question 28

Group 17 which contains fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, means “salt forming”

Answer 28

halogen

Question 29

the elements in group 18

Answer 29

inert gas

Question 30

have some properties of metals but also, have properties that are typical of nonmetal

Answer 30

semimetal

Question 31

substances that can conduct electricity

Answer 31

semiconductor

Question 32

in this process, the atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes release fast-moving particles and energy

Answer 32

radioactive decay

Question 33

when something spontaneously gives off radiation

Answer 33

radioactivity

Question 34

a positively charged particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons

Answer 34

alpha particle

Question 35

a fast-moving electron that is given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay

Answer 35

beta particle

Question 36

radiation that consists of high-energy waves, similar to X-rays

Answer 36

gamma radiation

Question 37

radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or an industrial process

Answer 37

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