Chapter 8 Study Guide Flashcards
Histone
Only in eukaryotic cells, proteins wrapped in tIght DNA coils
Chromatid
The ends of a chromosome
Centromere
The center of chromosomes
Sex chromosome
23 pair of sex chromosomes determine gender
Autosome
Other 22 pairs that code for everything else
Homologous chromosome
Identical pair of chromosomes in shape size and code for the same genetic trait
Diploid
Contains full copy of genetic material and makes up every other cell besides gametes
Haploid
Gametes that only contain half of genetic material
Chromosome
Made up of DNA, proteins
Binary fission
How prokaryotic cells reproduce
Mitosis
The production of new diploid cells
Asexual reproduction
Just one parent
Sexual reproduction
Recombination of two sets of genetic material from two parents
Meiosis
Reproduction of haploid cells (gametes)
Gamete
A haploid cell use in sexual reproduction
Cancer
Uncontrolled production of cells
Synapsis
Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Spermatogenesis
Production of sperm cells
Oogenesis
Production of eggs
Polar bodies
Bundles of genetic material that are a by-product of oogenesis
Describe what happens during cytokinesis in plant cell
Vesicles by Golgi apparatus form cell plate to split plant cell
Describe the two with the genetic recombination occurs in meiosis
Crossing over and independent assortment
