Biology Chapter 9 & 12 Study Guide

Question 1

Hereditary:

Answer 1

looking at the relation between parent

and offspring

Question 2

Trait:

Answer 2

quality of genes in living organism

Question 3

Cross-Pollination:

Answer 3

2 separate plant fertilize each other

Question 4

True-Breeding:

Answer 4

parents produce offspring of exact same phenotype as themselves

Question 5

Law of Segregation:

Answer 5

Mendel’s law and states that alleles of a gene pair go to a separate gamete

Question 6

Law of Independent Assortment:

Answer 6

every pair assorts into newly formed

gametes

Question 7

Allele:

Answer 7

specific location on a gene

Question 8

Genotype:

Answer 8

actual alleles

Question 9

Phenotype:

Answer 9

expression of genes

Question 10

Test cross:

Answer 10

how to figure out genotype

Question 11

Co-dominance:

Answer 11

2 dominant traits, both are expressed

Question 12

Incomplete dominance:

Answer 12

dominant alleles are partially expressed, usually results in offspring with
intermediate phenotype

Question 13

Germ-cell mutation:

Answer 13

mutation that occurs in gametes

Question 14

Somatic cell mutation:

Answer 14

mutation that occurs in body cells

Question 15

Translocation:

Answer 15

chromosomal segment is moved

form one location to another

Question 16

Non-disjunction:

Answer 16

a chromosome doesn’t break off

Question 17

Point mutation:

Answer 17

mutations that happen in a single

location of DNA

Question 18

Frame shift mutation:

Answer 18

insertion or deletion causes a shift in

reading frame

Question 19

Pedigree:

Answer 19

way you trace a particular trait in a family

Question 20

Sex-influenced trait:

Answer 20

has to do with x or y chromosomes,

guy or girl

Question 21

Carrier:

Answer 21

not expressed trait, just carrier for it,

but can pass it to offspring

Question 22

Genetic disorder:

Answer 22

condition caused by defective gene

Question 23

Polygenic:

Answer 23

phenotype influenced by many genes

Question 24

Complex character:

Answer 24

influenced strongly by environment

or genes

Question 25

Multiple allele:

Answer 25

3 or more alleles for a particular gene

Question 26

Chronic villi sample:

Answer 26

prenatal diagnosis to determine genetic abnormalities