chapter 8 study guide Flashcards

study guide questions (vocab in seperate deck) science test 9/7

1
Q

what is the unit of measure for density?

A

grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm^3)

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2
Q

list some examples of plasma

A

lightning, stars, florescent bulbs

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3
Q

what does viscosity mean?

A

a fluid’s resistance to flow

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4
Q

what causes a change in state of matter?

A

when enough thermal energy is added to or removed from an object

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5
Q

identify one example of surface tension

A

when a sample of matter experiences a strong downward pull and stretches tight enough for a spider to walk on it (this is so stupid)

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6
Q

describe what happens in the solid state of matter by using an example

A

attractive forces between particles in a sample of matter are strong and pull the particles close together, keeping them in their positions

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7
Q

discuss the process of sublimination (???) and give one example

A

when thermal energy is added to a solid, it changes directly to a gas. one example of sublimination is dry ice

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8
Q

do particles move fastest at a high temperature or a low temperature?

A

high temperature

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9
Q

describe kinetic energy as a ball bounces

A

kinetic energy increases when a ball bounces up and decreases when the ball falls back to the ground

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10
Q

how is thermal energy calculated?

A

thermal energy is equal to the sum of all the potential and kinetic energy in an object

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11
Q

explain what happens when a cup of water is heated

A

adding thermal energy to a cup of water can cause the particles to move faster or get farther apart

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12
Q

explain why snow melts after a snow storm

A

the addition of thermal energy (basically snow cold sun hot sun bigger more power)

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13
Q

give one real-life example of condensation

A

during a hot shower, water vapor fogs up the cooler mirror as the vapor turns to water

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14
Q

give one real-life example of vaporization

A

a cook puts a pot of water on to boil eggs. a few minutes later, all the water is gone

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15
Q

snow forms in clouds because water vapor changes directly to ice. what is this process called?

A

deposition

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16
Q

list the ideas found in the kinetic molecular theory (huh???)

A

small particles make up all matter; particles in matter are in constant, random motion; particles in matter collide with other particles, other objects, and walls of container

17
Q

explain what happens to volume and pressure as long as the temperature remains constant

A

as long as the temperature does not change, as volume increases, the pressure decreases

18
Q

what happens to volume as the space in a container gets smaller?

A

the volume decreases

19
Q

what does boyle’s law describe?

A

properties of a gas

20
Q

in boyle’s law, what remains constant?

A

temperature

21
Q

what is the final volume of a gas with an initial volume of 150.0 mL if the pressure decreases from 300.0 kPa and 250.0 kPa?

A

180.0 mL (this makes absolutely no sense)

22
Q

a sample of neon gas has a volume of 239.0 mL at 200.0 kPa. what would the pressure have to be in order for the gas to have a volume of 500.0 mL?

A

95.6 kPa (what is kpa and how do i calculate it)

23
Q

the equation for charles’ law is v1=v2/t1=t2. a 250 mL sample of neon gas is collected at 317 K. assuming the pressure remains constant, what would be the volume of the neon gas?

A

220 mL

24
Q

the equation for charles’ law is v1=v2/t1=t2. a sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 27.3 mL at 294 K. at what temperature would the gas have a volume of 40.0 mL?

A

431 K

25
Q

explain what causes surface tension in a cup of water

A

attractive forces between water molecules

26
Q

which gas law describes the direct relationship between temperature and volume of a gas?

A

charles’ law

27
Q

fully explain the following scenario: a student jumped in the ocean on a hot summer day and was surprised that the water was very cold. use your knowledge of specific heat to explain this (??). then, predict what a student could expect to feel if they dipped their foot in the ocean on a cold winter day. explain your prediction

A

the ocean water was very cold even though the air temperature was hot because water has a much higher specific heat than air or land. the high specific heat of water means that it does not heat up or cool down as quickly as air or land. so, although the surrounding temperature was quite hot, the ocean water was cool.
in the winter, the student would experience the opposite effect. because water changes temperature more slowly than air or land, the ocean water’s temperature in the winter is generally warmer than the surrounding air or land.