chapter 8 study guide Flashcards
study guide questions (vocab in seperate deck) science test 9/7
what is the unit of measure for density?
grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm^3)
list some examples of plasma
lightning, stars, florescent bulbs
what does viscosity mean?
a fluid’s resistance to flow
what causes a change in state of matter?
when enough thermal energy is added to or removed from an object
identify one example of surface tension
when a sample of matter experiences a strong downward pull and stretches tight enough for a spider to walk on it (this is so stupid)
describe what happens in the solid state of matter by using an example
attractive forces between particles in a sample of matter are strong and pull the particles close together, keeping them in their positions
discuss the process of sublimination (???) and give one example
when thermal energy is added to a solid, it changes directly to a gas. one example of sublimination is dry ice
do particles move fastest at a high temperature or a low temperature?
high temperature
describe kinetic energy as a ball bounces
kinetic energy increases when a ball bounces up and decreases when the ball falls back to the ground
how is thermal energy calculated?
thermal energy is equal to the sum of all the potential and kinetic energy in an object
explain what happens when a cup of water is heated
adding thermal energy to a cup of water can cause the particles to move faster or get farther apart
explain why snow melts after a snow storm
the addition of thermal energy (basically snow cold sun hot sun bigger more power)
give one real-life example of condensation
during a hot shower, water vapor fogs up the cooler mirror as the vapor turns to water
give one real-life example of vaporization
a cook puts a pot of water on to boil eggs. a few minutes later, all the water is gone
snow forms in clouds because water vapor changes directly to ice. what is this process called?
deposition
list the ideas found in the kinetic molecular theory (huh???)
small particles make up all matter; particles in matter are in constant, random motion; particles in matter collide with other particles, other objects, and walls of container
explain what happens to volume and pressure as long as the temperature remains constant
as long as the temperature does not change, as volume increases, the pressure decreases
what happens to volume as the space in a container gets smaller?
the volume decreases
what does boyle’s law describe?
properties of a gas
in boyle’s law, what remains constant?
temperature
what is the final volume of a gas with an initial volume of 150.0 mL if the pressure decreases from 300.0 kPa and 250.0 kPa?
180.0 mL (this makes absolutely no sense)
a sample of neon gas has a volume of 239.0 mL at 200.0 kPa. what would the pressure have to be in order for the gas to have a volume of 500.0 mL?
95.6 kPa (what is kpa and how do i calculate it)
the equation for charles’ law is v1=v2/t1=t2. a 250 mL sample of neon gas is collected at 317 K. assuming the pressure remains constant, what would be the volume of the neon gas?
220 mL
the equation for charles’ law is v1=v2/t1=t2. a sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 27.3 mL at 294 K. at what temperature would the gas have a volume of 40.0 mL?
431 K
explain what causes surface tension in a cup of water
attractive forces between water molecules
which gas law describes the direct relationship between temperature and volume of a gas?
charles’ law
fully explain the following scenario: a student jumped in the ocean on a hot summer day and was surprised that the water was very cold. use your knowledge of specific heat to explain this (??). then, predict what a student could expect to feel if they dipped their foot in the ocean on a cold winter day. explain your prediction
the ocean water was very cold even though the air temperature was hot because water has a much higher specific heat than air or land. the high specific heat of water means that it does not heat up or cool down as quickly as air or land. so, although the surrounding temperature was quite hot, the ocean water was cool.
in the winter, the student would experience the opposite effect. because water changes temperature more slowly than air or land, the ocean water’s temperature in the winter is generally warmer than the surrounding air or land.
