chapter 6 study guide Flashcards
what happens to most materials when they are heated?
expansion
what happens to the average kinetic energy when the temperature is increased?
when temp increases, average kinetic energy increases
describe the changes in energy as related to heat engines
a heat engine changes thermal energy into mechanical energy
what two kinds of energy are found in the mechanical energy of a football during a pass down the field?
potential energy and kinetic energy
in years past, people would put a hot water bottle in their bed to help warm their bed. what do we call this transfer of the warmth from the water bottle to their feet?
heat
what water is heated on a stove, what kind of energy is transferred?
thermal energy
every material has its own specific heat. is it easier to change the temp of materials with a high specific heat or low specific heat?
low specific heat
why is the ocean cold even in summer?
high specific heat
when you take a bottle of water out of the refrigerator, why does your hand get cold?
conduction
describe the changes in energy as related to how a thermostat works
thermostats transform thermal energy into mechanical energy
be able to list some examples of a heating appliance
coffee maker, clothes/curling iron
be able to explain why a bimetallic coil is used in a thermostat
a bimetallic coil is used in a thermostat because the two metals heat and cool at different rates
which part of a refrigerator causes the coolant to change from a liquid to a gas?
expansion value
which part of the refrigerator removes thermal energy from inside the refrigerator?
coolant vapor
which part of the refrigerator compresses the coolant and increases its thermal energy
compressor
in what part of an internal combustion engine is the gasoline mixed with air?
cylinder
what is the lowest possible temp?
0 degrees K
be able to explain how a liquid thermometer works
a liquid thermometer works because liquid expands when warmed
how is thermal energy calculated?
thermal energy is its kinetic energy plus its potential energy
why does water make a good coolant?
water makes a good coolant because it has a high specific heat
what kind of radiation do all objects emit?
electromagnetic radiation
when a substance is heated, the particles gain energy and spread out creating more volume. what happens to the mass of the substance when it is heated?
the mass remains the same
be able to describe heat
heat is thermal energy transferred from one object to another because of a different in temp
to check if a stovetop is hot, you place your hand near the top of the stove and feel that it is warm without touching it. why can you feel the heat from the stovetop?
radiation
which part of an internal combustion engine transforms thermal energy into mechanical energy?
piston
a hot iron is turned off and cools down to room temp. why does the iron cool?
the iron cools because heat energy is transferred from the warm iron to the cooler room
in an experiment, bars of different metals are all heated to 100 degrees celsius to determine how their volumes and length would be affected. predict the most likely outcome
all volumes and lengths change
be able to identify three scales that are used to measure temp
kelvin, fahrenheit, and celsius
compare and contrast temp and thermal energy
similar because they are related to the energy in the particles of objects. temp is a measure of average kinetic energy of the particles, while thermal energy is a measure of the total energy (potential and kinetic) of all the particles in an object
be able to explain why a thermometer does not measure thermal energy
it does not give information about the potential energy of the particles in the substance
