Chapter 8-Space Exploration

Question 0

Newton’s third law of motion

Answer 0

When an object pushes against another object, the second object pushes back with the same force in the opposite direction.

Question 1

Rocket

Answer 1

Is a device that moves by pushing matter (usually hot gases) out its end.

Question 2

Congreve Rocket

Answer 2

In early solid-fuel rocket designed by Sir William Congreve of England.

Question 3

Hale Rocket

Answer 3

A 19th-century military rock that carried an explosive warhead in the nose, had three curved fins in the exhaust stream to impart a stabilizing spin, and had a greater range than the artillery of its day.

Question 4

William Congreve

Answer 4

Was an English artillery engineer and prolific inventor.

Question 5

Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky

Answer 5

He was a Russian schoolteacher who began writing science fiction stories about space travel but eventually became the first theoretical astronautics scientist. He is often called the Father of Astronautics.

Question 6

Hermann Oberth

Answer 6

He was a Romanian-born physicist who mentored Wernher Von Braun and developed the idea of multistage rockets.

Question 7

Robert H. Goddard

Answer 7

Head a gifted American physicist who is noted for developing liquid-fuel rocket propulsion.

Question 8

Gyro

Answer 8

Is a device that uses the inherent stability of a rapidly spinning wheel or mass as a means of providing directional information.

Question 9

Wernher Von Braun

Answer 9

Was a German rocket scientist who was influential in developing the rockets of the modern U.S. Space program.

Question 10

Ballistic missiles

Answer 10

Is one that is launched in a high, arching path like a standard racket and then falls to its target under the influence of gravity alone.

Question 11

ICBMs

Answer 11

Acronym for intercontinental ballistic missile, a type of long rage, rocket powered weapon capable of crossing the distances between continents.

Question 12

Satellite

Answer 12

Is any object in orbit around a celestial body.

Question 13

Stage

Answer 13

A unit containing rocket engines, fuel, and/or instruments that is attached to other similar units to form a multistage rocket.

Question 14

Low Earth orbit

Answer 14

In orbital path relatively close to the earth.

Question 15

Polar orbit

Answer 15

Polar orbital path that takes an earth satellite over the poles during earth orbit.

Question 16

Sun-synchronous orbit

Answer 16

One of the popular orbits designed to place the satellite over a certain place on the earth’s surface at the same time every day.

Question 17

Geosynchronous orbit

Answer 17

In equatorial orbit that has a period of one 24 hour day

Question 18

Scientific satellite

Answer 18

A satellite that is designed mainly to acquire scientific information, such as an earth resource satellite or an orbiting telescope.

Question 19

CGRO

Answer 19

Was taken out of orbit in 2000 after nine successful years and space.

Question 20

Applications satellites

Answer 20

A satellite that is used for a specific purpose other than pure scientific data collection.

Question 21

GPS

Answer 21

A system of 24 satellites that provide latitude, longitude, and altitude positions to every accurate standards.

Question 22

Probe

Answer 22

In instrumented, unmanned, expendable vehicle used to explore space.

Question 23

Sounding rocket

Answer 23

A rocket and it’s instrumented probe used to obtain environmental and meteoric data in the upper atmosphere

Question 24

Sounding

Answer 24

In general, taking a measurement from a remote location.

Question 25

Outer planet

Answer 25

Any plan to be on the orbit of Mars.

Question 26

Kuiper Belt Object

KBO

Answer 26

Are rocky cometlike bodies that have been identified beyond the orbit of Uranus.

Question 27

Earth-trailing orbit

Answer 27

A special space probe orbit that follows the earth around the sun at about the same distance from the sun as the Earth.

Question 28

Halo orbit

Answer 28

Follows the path with the gravitational force from two bodies balances exactly.

Question 29

Heliopause

Answer 29

The point where the solar wind is balanced by the interstellar wind.

Question 30

Yuri Gagarin

Answer 30

Was an officer in the former Soviet Union Air Force who was the first human to orbit Earth.

Question 31

Valentina Tereshkova

Answer 31

Was selected for the Soviet cosmonaut program because she was an accomplished amateur parachutist.

Question 32

Alan B. Shepard

Answer 32

In addition to being the first American in space, he also commanded Apollo 14, which lodged many first on the surface of the moon.

Question 33

John H. Glenn

Answer 33

He holds the distinction of being the oldest person to travel into space, serving as a payload specialist on space shuttle mission in 1998 at the age of 77 years.

Question 34

Capsule

Answer 34

A small space vehicle with extremely limited living and working areas, designed to carry humans or animals into orbit around the earth or the moon.

Question 35

Project Mercury

Answer 35

The first manned US space program established to place a man in a low Earth orbit.

Question 36

Project Gemini

Answer 36

In early US man space program using two-man crews to prepare the project Apollo flights.

Question 37

Project Apollo

Answer 37

The man the US space program established to land on and briefly explore the moon.

Question 38

Space station

Answer 38

A habitable structure in Earth orbit from which astronomical observations and scientific research may be conducted.

Question 39

Neil Armstrong

Answer 39

You commanded the Gemini 8 orbital docking mission and the first Apollo moon landing mission.

Question 40

Edwin Aldrin

Answer 40

He was a lunar excursion module pilot for the Apollo 11 moon landing.

Question 41

Michael Collins

Answer 41

He flew in Gemini 10 and was the command module pilot for Apollo 11 mission

Question 42

International space station

ISS

Answer 42

Is a continually manned orbital scientific and technological research outposts sponsored by 16 nations.

Question 43

Microgravity

Answer 43

Absence or greatly reduced sensation of gravitational force, as one in orbit around the earth.

Question 44

Space Shuttle

Answer 44

A reusable manned space vehicle designed to carry heavy satellites, space probes, and equipment to earth orbit.