Chapter 8 - Retrieval Flashcards
What variable of internal state of a memory trace that contributes to its accessibility at a given point?
Activation Level
What process of recovering a target memory based on one or more cues, subsequently bringing that target into awareness?
Retrieval
What is it called when more similar the cues available at retrieval are to the conditions present at encoding, the more effective the cues will be?
Encoding Specificity Principle
What cognitive set, or frame of mind, orients a person towards the act of retrieval, ensuing that stimuli are interpreted as retrieval cues?
Retrieval Mode
What are retrieval cues that specify aspects of the conditions under which a desired target was encoded, including (for example) the location and time of the event?
Context Cues
What is it called when any of a variety of memory assessments that overtly prompt participants to retrieve past events?
Direct/Explicit Memory Tests
What is the enhanced processing of a stimulus arising from recent encounters with that stimulus, or a form of implicit memory, called?
Repetition Priming
What is the finding that memory benefits when the spatio-temporal, mood, physiological, or cognitive context at retrieval matches that present at encoding called?
Context-Dependent Memory
What is the bias in the recall of memories such that negative mood makes negative memories more readily available than positive, and vise versa called? Unlike mood dependency it does not affect the recall of neutral memories.
Mood-Congruent Memory
What is a form of context dependent effect whereby what is leant in a given mood, whether positive, negative, or neutral, is best recalled in that mood?
Mood-Dependent Memory
What is an active and inferential process of retrieval whereby gaps in memory are filled in based on prior experience, logic, and goals?
Reconstructive Memory
What is a person’s ability to correctly decide whether they have encountered a stimulus previously in a particular context called?
Recognition Memory
What model of recognition memory that positive that memory targets (signals) and lures (noise) on a recognition test posses an attribute known as strength or familiarity, which occurs in a graded fashion, with previously encountered items generally possessing more strength that novel items. The process of recognition involves ascertaining a given test item’s strength and then deciding whether it exceeds a criterion level of strength, above which items are considered to be previously encountered. Signal detention theory provides analytic tools that separate true memory from judgment biases in recognition?
Signal Detection Theory
What is a fast, automatic recognition process based on the perception of a memory’s strength? Proponents of dual process models consider this to be independent of the contextual information characteristic of recollection.
Familiarity-Based Recognition
What is the slower, more attention-demanding component of memory dual process models? It involves retrieval of contextual information about the memory.
Recollection
