Chapter 8- Race + Ethnicity

Question 1

Georg Simmel

Answer 1

Web of group affiliations→ functionalist

Provides status and belonging (often tied to behavioral expectations) and creates unique social connections

Question 2

W.E.B Do Bois

Answer 2

Concept of double consciousness → internal conflict of the oppressed class/race
↳ function and analyze from behind the veil

Question 3

Robin DiAngelo

Answer 3

Developed concept of white fragility →minimal amount of racial stress becomes intolerable: defence (anger, fear, guilt, argumentation, etc)

Criticized for having white fragility herself → takes up speaking space of POC and infantilizes POC
↳paid more for same work because it is more palatable coming from a white person

Question 4

Derrick-Bell

Answer 4

First to develop idea of critical race theory

Question 5

Reynolds Lewis

Answer 5

Concept of implicit bias → indirectly promoting racialized or ethnic discrimination especially in hiring spaces

Question 6

History of immigration in Canada

Answer 6

Canada is built off of immigration→ need for workers due to increasing population and labor demands

Question 7

Why can Canada be selective in immigration process

Answer 7

Top 10 countries for those escaping war and persecution

Primary entry by air travel→ screening and background checks

Single Border benefit→ can be heavily patrolled

Question 8

Historical racism in Canada

Answer 8

→ Chattel slavery
→ Indian act of 1867
→Canadian Pacific railway
→ war measures act in WWI
→ Japanese interment camps in WWII
→africville, Halifax

Question 9

Race vs. Racialization

Answer 9

Race: a categorization of individuals and groups based on visible characteristics→ no scientific legitimacy

Racialization:Social process of attaching certain traits or stereotypes to groups on the basis of visible characteristics

Question 10

Purpose of scientific race studies

Answer 10

Developed alongside the enlightenment to provide justification for imperialism, colonialism, slavery, discriminatory immigration policies etc.

Used biological facts about racial differences to legitimize racial inferiority

Physical traits to make claims about intelligence, emotionality, criminality, etc.

Question 11

Visible minority vs. Not visible minority

Answer 11

VM: not comparative; uses race, ethnicity, country of origin etc. As defining markers of minority → very inconsistent and all grouped together
NVM: described as ‘white’ only and groups indigenous people with them even though fn get discriminated against → appear as though they are also racialized

Question 12

Functionalist on race and ethnicity

Answer 12

Socially cohesive groups form around shared identities and shared experiences of often, ethnic history or Racialization → provide social networks, economic support systems, and boundaries or protection

Question 13

Conflict perspective on Race

Answer 13

Race is one of many ( class, gender, ability, etc) differentiations that benefit the dominant class

Question 14

Symbolic interactions theory on race

Answer 14

Interactions shape our development of the self and how we then socialize and treat others

Question 15

Feminist theory on race

Answer 15

Race and ethnicity are part of a larger intersectional understanding of experiences on individual and collective levels

Question 16

Code switching

Answer 16

Symbolic interactions perspective on race → Racialized socialization is the process by which we learn to evaluate people to presumed racialized or ethnic differences
↳ code switching → dialectic or linguistic shift depending on social context