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Chapter 8 Biology > Chapter 8 QUESTIONS > Flashcards

Chapter 8 QUESTIONS Flashcards

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1
Q

How is the energy that cells use stored?

A

Chemical bonds found in food

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2
Q

What is the energy that is needed to start chemical reactions called

A

Activation energy

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3
Q

What is the end product of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen, glucose and water

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4
Q

Reactions that requires energy to keep them going are called?

A

Endergonic reactions

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5
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

The use of chemichals (organic & or inorganic) to produce their own food. It is only for autotrophs that do not receive sunlight

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6
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compunds. It happens in heterotrophs

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7
Q

End product of celular respiration

A

Water vapor and carbon dioxide

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8
Q

Where does the most production of oxygen happens?

A

The ocean

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9
Q

What lowers the amount of energy needed to start a reaction?

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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11
Q

The first source of energy for the animals comes from…

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

The first source of energy for the planet comes from…

A

The Sun

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13
Q

What is ATP made out of?

A

Adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates

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14
Q

Parts of photosynthesis

A

Light reaction (Light dependent reaction, the day reaction) and the Calvin Cycle (Light independent reaction, the dark reaction, the night reaction)

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15
Q

How does ATP provide energy?

A

By transferring its 3rd phosphate group

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16
Q

Procesess of Cellular respiration

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Krebs Cycle
  3. Electron Transport Chain
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17
Q

What is the end product of fermentation?

A

Lactic acid

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18
Q

How is a glucose molecule activated?

A

By receiving a phosphate groups

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19
Q

How do ATP, ADP and AMP differ?

A

By the amount of phosphate groups

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20
Q

The ATP-ADP cycle can be compared to what?

A

A battery that recharges itself

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21
Q

In photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into what?

A

Chemical energy

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22
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy for cells?

A

The sun

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23
Q

What is the main function of chlorophyll?

A

Trap sunlight

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24
Q

Besides chlorophyll, enzymes and sunlight, what are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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25
Q

What are the main products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and oxygen

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26
Q

The rate of photosynthesis is affected by?

A

Amount of raw materials. light intensity and temperature

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27
Q

At extreme temperatures why does photosynthesis decrease?

A

Enzyme’s activity is lessened

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28
Q

The portion of light the human eye can perceive is called?

A

The visible spectrum

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29
Q

Packets of light energy are called?

A

Photons

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30
Q

What colors of light provide most energy for photosynthesis?

A

Violet-blue and red

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31
Q

Substances that absorb light are called?

A

Pigments

32
Q

What type of chlorophyll do plants contain?

A

A and B

33
Q

When light strikes a chlorophyll molecule what provides the energy?

A

Excited electrons

34
Q

What are the 2 other pigments found in plant cells (and their color)?

A

Xanthophylls (yellow) and Carotenes (orange)

35
Q

What is grana?

A

Place where photosynthesis begins (stacks of disc like sacs)

36
Q

What is stroma?

A

Fluid inside the chloroplast

37
Q

What are the 2 phases of photosynthesis?

A

Light reactions and dark reactions (Light dependent reactions nad Calvin Cycle)

38
Q

Can dark reactions occur in the presence of light?

A

Yes

39
Q

What does sunlight do to electrons?

A

Makes them have a higher energy level

40
Q

When energized electrons move from one molecule to another releasing energy, what is this called?

A

Electron transport chain

41
Q

Energy released by electrons is used to?

A

Build ATP

42
Q

What happens to the oxygen obtained from breaking the water molecule?

A

Released into the atmosphere

43
Q

Dark reactions use ATP energy and the hydrogen acceptor to form?

A

Glucose

44
Q

The carbon for the glucose comes from?

A

Carbon dioxide

45
Q

Where does the dark phase take place?

A

Stroma

46
Q

The dark phase is also called the?

A

Calvin cycle

47
Q

What is RDP?

A

A 5 carbon sugar

48
Q

What does RDP mean?

A

Ribulose diphosphate

49
Q

What do RDP and carbon dioxide produce?

A

Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)

50
Q

PGA and hydrogen react to produce?

A

Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)

51
Q

Where does this hydrogen come from?

A

Light reactions

52
Q

PGAL is used primarily to make more?

A

RDP

53
Q

How many molecules of PGAL are used to make glucose?

A

2

54
Q

How do plants store excess glucose?

A

As starch

55
Q

What is the function of a potato?

A

To store large amounts of starch

56
Q

Name two other molecules formed by plants from glucose?

A

Sucrose and cellulose

57
Q

In cellular respiration, chemical bonds are broken to obtain?

A

Energy to be used by cells

58
Q

Who produces the “food molecules”?

A

Plant cells

59
Q

Glycolysis breaks glucose to produce?

A

2 molecules of pyruvic acid

60
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

In the cytoplasm

61
Q

How many full molecules of ATP does glycolysis produce per glucose molecule?

A

2

62
Q

Why is glycolysis ANAEROBIC?

A

It doesn’t require oxygen

63
Q

After glycolysis if there is oxygen, pyruvic acid is broken down more and produces…

A

More ATP

64
Q

After glycolysis if there is NOT any oxygen, pyruvic acid is broken down more and produces…

A

Ethyl alcohol or lactic acid

65
Q

What is the previous process called?

A

Fermentation

66
Q

What is alcoholic fermentation?

A

Combining hydrogen and pyruvic acid to form ethyl alcohol

67
Q

In what kind of cells does lactic acid fermentation take place?

A

Animal muscle cells

68
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

Inside the mitochondria

69
Q

What are the reactants of areobic respiration?

A

Glucose and oxygen

70
Q

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide, water and energy

71
Q

How many molecules of ATP are produced by aerobic respiration including glycolysis?

A

38

72
Q

What is the main product of Pyruvic acid conversión?

A

Acetyl CoA

73
Q

What is the main molecule used in Krebs Cycle?

A

Citric acid

74
Q

How much ATP is obtained from one Krebs cycle?

A

2 ATP

75
Q

Where does the energy for the formation of ATP come from?

A

The electron transport chain

76
Q

How many Hydrogen atoms are involved?

A

24

77
Q

How many ATP molecules does the electron transport chain produce per glucose molecule?

A

34

Chapter 8 Biology (3 decks)

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