Chapter 8 : Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Define : Abnormal Behaviour

Answer 1

Behaviour that is personally distressing, personally dysfunctional, and/or culturally deviant that other people judge it to be inappropriate.

Question 2

Define : Vulnerability-stress model

Answer 2

Everyone has some degree of vulnerability for developing a psychological disorder, given sufficient stress.

Question 3

Define : Reliability

Answer 3

Should show high levels of agreement in their diagnostic decisions.

Question 4

Define : Validity

Answer 4

The diagnostic behaviours should accurately capture the essential features of the various disorders.

Question 5

Define : Competency

Answer 5

The defendants state of mind during the judicial hearing., not at the time when the crime had occurred.

Question 6

Define : Insanity

Answer 6

The defendants state of mind during the time of the crime.

Question 7

Define : Anxiety disorders

Answer 7

The frequency and intensity of the anxiety responses are out of proportion to the situations that trigger them, and the anxiety interferes with daily life.

Question 8

Define : Phobia

Answer 8

Strong and irrational fears of certain objects and situations.

Question 9

Define : Agoraphobia

Answer 9

Fear of open and public spaces.

Question 10

Define : Social anxiety disorder

Answer 10

Fear that someone might be evaluated and possibly embarrassed.

Question 11

Define : Specific phobias

Answer 11

Fear of specific such as dogs, cats, airplanes, etc.

Question 12

Define : Generalized anxiety and worry disorder

Answer 12

Chronic state of anxiety that is not attached to specific situations or objects.

Question 13

Define : Chronic Disorder

Answer 13

Occurs suddenly and unpredictably and they are much more intense.

Question 14

Define : Obsession

Answer 14

Repetitive and unwelcome thoughts, images, or impulses that invades consciousness, and are very difficult to dismiss or control.

Question 15

Define : Compulsions

Answer 15

Repetitive behavioural responses that can be resisted with only great difficulty.

Question 16

Define : Neurotic Anxiety

Answer 16

Occurs when unacceptable impulses threaten to overwhelm the ego’s defences and explode into action.

Question 17

Define : Culture-bound disorders

Answer 17

Occur only in certain places.

Question 18

Define : Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 18

Intense fear of being fat and restrict their food intake to the point of self-starvation.

Question 19

Define : Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 19

Fear of being fat, but instead of self-starvation, they binge eat and then purge the food (Puking it out, or using laxatives).

Question 20

Define : Mood Disorders

Answer 20

Involve depression and mania (excessive excitement).

Question 21

Define : Major Depression

Answer 21

Leaves the patient unable to function effectively in their lives.

Question 22

Define : Dysthymia

Answer 22

Less dramatic effects on personal and occupational functioning.

Question 23

Define : Bipolar Depression

Answer 23

Depression alternates with periods of Mania. Depression is usually the dominant state.

Question 24

Define : Mania

Answer 24

State of highly excited mood and behaviour that is quite opposite of depression.

Question 25

Define : Depressive Cognitive Triad

Answer 25

Negative thoughts concerning the world, oneself, and the future.

Question 26

Define : Depressive Attributional Pattern

Answer 26

Taking no credit for success but blaming themselves for failures.

Question 27

Define : Learned helplessness theory

Answer 27

Depression occurs when people expect that bad events will occur and that there is nothing that they can do to prevent it or cope with it.

Question 28

Define : Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 28

Physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a medical problem, but which have no known biological cause and are not produced voluntarily by the person.

Question 29

Define : Pain Disorder

Answer 29

Experience intense pain that is either out of proportion to whatever medical condition they have or for which no physical basis can be found.

Question 30

Define : Functional neurological symptom disorder

Answer 30

Serious neurological symptoms (such as paralysis, loss of sensation) suddenly occur.

Question 31

Define : La Belle Indifference

Answer 31

A strange lack of concern about their symptom and its implications.

Question 32

Define : Dissociative Disorder

Answer 32

Breakdown of the normal integration, resulting in significant alterations in memory or identity.

Question 33

Define : Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 33

Person responds to a stressful event with extensive but selective memory loss.

Question 34

Define : Dissociative Fugue

Answer 34

More profound and very rare dissociative disorder where the person loses all sense of personal identity, give up their current life and moves somewhere far away and starts a new life.

Question 35

Define : Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 35

Two or more personalities coexists in the same person.

Question 36

Define : Trauma-Dissociation theory

Answer 36

The development of new personalities occurs in response to severe stress.