Chapter 8 Political Geo Flashcards
What brought the European way of politically organizing space in the states to the rest of the world?
Colonialism
When did decolonization occur in Africa
1940-1990s esp 1960
How did European colonialism organize the world?
As a huge functional region controlled from Europe and designed to serve Europe’s economic and political interest
What is political geography?
The study of the political organization of the world
What is a country or state?
A state is a politically organized territory with a permanent population ,defined territory ,and a government ; an entity that is recognized by other states
What is territory?
political units with fixed distinct boundaries
What is Territoriality?
The attempt by an individual or group to affect ,influence ,or control people ,phenomena, and relationships by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area
What is sovereignty?
Having a recognized right to control territory both politically and militarily ,and when you have the right to defend your territorial integrity against incursion from other states
What is mercantilism
The desire for accumulation of wealth, colonies benefit mother country
What marks the beginning of the modern state system?
Peace of Westphalia
What was the piece of Westphalia
Negotiated in 1648 among the princes of the states making up the Holy Roman Empire as well as a few neighboring states, made the foundation of a Europe made up of mutually recognized territorial states
In previous eras, where a society lived constituted its territory ,in the Westphalian system it became…
The territory that defined the society
What caused the political revolutions of Europe in the 1780s
The development of an increasingly wealthy middle-class
What is a nation
A group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history and who seek some degree of political- territorial autonomy
How is a nation an imagined community
Because one will never meet all the people in the nation ,and it is a community because one nonetheless sees oneself as part of that nation
What is a nationstate
A politically organized area in which nation and state occupied the same space
What is democracy
When people have the ultimate say over what happened within the state
What idea was rising in the 1800s in Europe
The quest to form nationstates along with nationalism
What is nationalism from the point of view of the people
When people have a strong sense of nationalism they have a loyalty to and a belief in the nation itself ,this loyalty is not necessarily coincide with the borders of the state
What is nationalism from the point of view of the state
When a state attempts to promote a sense of nationhood that coincides with its own borders
Which century was the true age of nationalism Europe
The 19th century
Nearly every state in the world is a
Multinational state
What is a multinational state
A state with more than one nation inside its borders
What is a multistate nation
When a nation stretches across borders and across states
It is difficult to maintain control over language ,religion ,or way of life without control over…
Territory
What are stateless nations
Nations that do not have a state
What are some examples of stateless nations
Palestinian Arabs and the Kurdish people
Europe exported it’s concepts of state ,sovereignty, and the desire for nationstates to much of the rest of the world ,through two waves of
Colonialism
When was the first wave of colonialism
16th century
When was the second wave of colonialism
Late 1800s
Which areas emerged as a major centers of economic and political activity after colonialism ended
European states and areas dominated by European immigrants
What are the three major tenets of the world- systems theory
- the world economy has one market and the global division of labor
- Although the world has multiple states almost everything takes place within the context of the world economy
- The world economy has a three tier structure
When did the world economy began how did it again and when did encompass the globe
It began and 1450 with the Columbian exchange and encompassed the world by 1900
What does capitalism mean
Means that in the world economy individuals corporations and states produce goods and services that are exchanged for profit
How do producers generate a profit
By seeking the cheapest production and cost and through commodification
What is the most expensive of all production costs
Labor
What is commodification
The process of placing a price on a good service or idea and then buying selling and trading the item
What are the three tiers of world system
The core , periphery and semi-periphery
The core is where you would find
Higher levels of education ,higher salaries ,and more technology
What would you find in the periphery
Lower levels of education and lower salaries and less technology
What is the semi-periphery
Places where the core and periphery processes are both occurring ,,places are exploited by the core but in turn exploit the periphery
Economic power means
Wealth
Political power means
The ability to influence others to achieve your goal
In which conference were the borders of African countries decided
The Berlin conference
Did the borders of African countries that were Drawn and the Berlin conference become the official borders of the countries today?
Yes
What are the forces with in a state that unify the people
Centripetal
What forces divide people with in a state
Centrifugal
