chapter 8: plant structure

Question 1

what growth do plants display?

Answer 1

indeterminate growth (they grow throughout their lifetime)

Question 2

what are the regions of cell division of plants called?

Answer 2

meristems

Question 3

description of primary cell walls?

Answer 3

they have relatively thin cellulose framework and have the ability to expand during the growth of the cell

Question 4

description of secondary cell walls?

Answer 4

composed of multiple layers of cellulose fibers and are embedded with a substance called lignin (giving secondary walls greater strength than primary)

Question 5

what are the three simple tissues that function in support, storage, and/or metabolism

Answer 5

dermal tissue, vascular tissue, ground tissue

Question 6

what are cotyledons ?

Answer 6

structures that function is food storage or absorption in the seed

Question 7

whats the main difference between monocots and dicots?

Answer 7

the number of cotyledons contained in the seeds of plants

Question 8

how many cotyledons do monocots and dicots have?

Answer 8

monocots: one
dicots: two

Question 9

common examples of monocots

Answer 9

corn, onions, palms, tulips, lilies, and grasses

Question 10

common examples of dicots

Answer 10

trees, shrubs, beans, peas, and potatoes

Question 11

what’s the structural difference between monocots and dicots?

Answer 11

their leaves. monocot leaves tend to have veins in a parallel pattern, while dicots form branching veins

Question 12

what does secondary growth result in for a plant?

Answer 12

results in an increase in width of a stem or root

Question 13

what type of cells are dead at maturity?

Answer 13

sclerenchyma cells

Question 14

description of parenchyma cells

Answer 14

• are large
• have thin primary walls
• often function in storage
• may be photosynthetic

Question 15

description of collenchyma cells

Answer 15

• functions in the support of soft or growing stems
• cells walls are unevenly thickened
• alive at maturity

Question 16

description of sclerenchyma cells

Answer 16

• more specialized to provide support and structure to the plant
• have evenly thickened cell walls
• cell is dead at maturity

Question 17

what are apical meristems?

Answer 17

regions of cell division at the tip of a plant’s stem and roots

Question 18

what is a defining characteristic of the Kingdom Plantae

Answer 18

the cellulose cell wall

Question 19

what are dermal tissue systems?

Answer 19

• complex tissues forming the outer protective covering of a plant
• the outer covering may be composed of a single layer of epidermis
• they are often protected by a cuticle (a waxy covering that helps to reduce evaporation of water from the plant surface)

Question 20

what’s the primary cell wall found in dermal tissue systems?

Answer 20

parenchyma cells

Question 21

what are vascular tissue systems?

Answer 21

• complex tissues responsible for internal transport in plants
• vascular tissue is packaged into multiple vascular bundles within a young stem

Question 22

what are the two types of vascular tissues?

Answer 22

xylem and phloem

Question 23

what’s the xylem?

Answer 23

• the xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
• the conducting elements are long hollow tubes made of stacks of cells
• one-way flow
• no end walls between cells

Question 24

what’s the phloem?

Answer 24

• transports the sugars that are produced by photosynthesis to the rest of the plant for use or storage
• contain sieve plates (act as walls in the cell)
• two-way movement

Question 25

what are ground tissue systems?

Answer 25

• they make up the majority of the structure of a plant body
• it is located internal to the dermal tissue on the edge of a plant and surrounding the vascular bundles
• includes several cell types, which function in support, storage, and/or metabolism

Question 26

what’s plant tissue specialized for sugar transport?

Answer 26

the phloem

Question 27

what cells have unevenly thickened walls, are alive at maturity, and are specialized for support or growing stems and leaves?

Answer 27

collenchyma cells

Question 28

BLANK are regions of cell division at the tip of plants’ stems and roots

Answer 28

apical meristems