chapter 7: seed plant diversity

Question 1

what are gymnosperms?

Answer 1

they produce seeds that are not covered by a protective structure (naked seed)

Question 2

what are angiosperms?

Answer 2

they produce seeds enclosed in a fruit (covered seeds)

Question 3

what is primary growth?

Answer 3

results in the lengthening of stems, so that the plant grows taller (enabling the leaves to reach sunlight)

Question 4

what is secondary growth?

Answer 4

results in the plant girth and involves the production of wood

Question 5

are the spores of gymnosperms/angiosperms identical or different?

Answer 5

there are 2 different kinds of spores

Question 6

what kind of plants are gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Answer 6

heterosporous plants

Question 7

what’s the difference between female and male spores?

Answer 7

female spores are relatively larger and are referred to as “megaspores”, while male spores are relatively smaller and are referred to as “microspores “

Question 8

what do megaspores grow into?

Answer 8

megagametophytes

Question 9

what do microspores grow into?

Answer 9

microgametophytes

Question 10

what are male gametophytes often called?

Answer 10

pollen

Question 11

what are conifers?

Answer 11

trees that produce cones for sexual reproduction

Question 12

what can conifers do all year long?

Answer 12

photosynthesize

Question 13

what 2 types of cones are produced by pines?

Answer 13

male and female cones

Question 14

what are male cones called?

Answer 14

they are called pollen cones (present only in the spring)

Question 15

what are female cones called?

Answer 15

they are called ovulate cones

Question 16

what occurs in the microsporangia of pollen cones?

Answer 16

meiosis

Question 17

what’s the most successful group of plants?

Answer 17

angiosperms

Question 18

why are angiosperms so successful?

Answer 18

• their seeds are protected by a fruit
• the flower that is characteristic of this group is a highly specialized reproductive structure, the site of pollination and fertilization

Question 19

what are the 2 separate fertilization events that occur in angiosperms called?

Answer 19

double fertilization

Question 20

what are the parts of a flower?

Answer 20

receptacle, sepals, petals, stamens, filament,, anther, carpels, ovary, stigma

Question 21

what’s the receptacle on a flower?

Answer 21

where modified leaves are attached together

Question 22

what are the sepals on a flower?

Answer 22

they enclose the flower before it opens (usually green)

Question 23

what are the stamens of a flower?

Answer 23

the male reproductive structures of a flower

Question 24

what does a stamen consist of?

Answer 24

a stalk (filament)

Question 25

where does pollen develop?

Answer 25

the anther

Question 26

what are the carpels of a flower?

Answer 26

the female reproductive structures of a flower (they consist of a stalk called “style”)

Question 27

what is the stigma of a flower?

Answer 27

the region where pollen becomes trapped during pollination

Question 28

when does fertilization of the egg in an ovulate cone occur?

Answer 28

during its 2nd year of development

Question 29

a zygote undergoes mitosis to become…?

Answer 29

the sporophyte embryo

Question 30

as pollen is germinating, what is growing?

Answer 30

a pollen tube

Question 31

microsporocytes undergo meiosis to produce…?

Answer 31

haploid microspores

Question 32

megasporocytes undergo meiosis to produce…?

Answer 32

haploid megaspores

Question 33

male gamerophyes are also known as what?

Answer 33

pollen grains

Question 34

megagametophytes produce gametes commonly called what?

Answer 34

eggs

Question 35

microspores grow into pollen also called what?

Answer 35

pollen grain (male cone)

Question 36

are microspores haploid or diploid?

Answer 36

haploid