Chapter 8: Physiology of marine primary organisms Flashcards
Diatom
unicellular algae found in phyto plankton
- silicia skeletons
Dinoflagellate
unicellular alage found in phytoplantkton
- two flagella
Cyanobacteria
photosyn bacteria found in marine + fresh water
Chloroplasts
photosyn cell organelle found in eurkaryotes
Enzyme
protein that acts as catalyst in chem react
Endosymbiosis
theory where chloroplasts were independent photosyn bacteria taken in by other cells
Primary pigment
photo pignment directly involved w/ photo
Chlorophyll A+B
green pigments that capture light in algae + plants
- absorb little green
Accessory pigment
non essential pigment to photo but absorb diff wavelengths + pass energy to other pigm
- absorb yellow + green light
- increase photo rate of red + brown algae w/out red light
Carotenoid
yellow, orange, red accessory pigm
-absorb little green
Xanthophyll
yellow, brown accessory pigm
Absorption spectrum
Amount of light each wavelength absorbs
Action spectrum
effect of diff wavelengths on photo rate
Light penetration factors
- wavelength
- turbidity= amount of particulate matter
Blue light
penetrates deepest in ocean @ 200 m
Red light
penetrates least in ocean @ 10 km
-producers below 10 km recieve blue + green
Turbidity
Cloudiness + clarity of water due to sediments, particles, organs.
- reduces light penetr
Estuarine + coastal areas vs oceans –> more turbidity= less light
Secchi disc
disc attached to rope to measure length of turbidity
Euphotic zone
upper layer w/ high light penetr
- 200 m clear + 5 turbid
- Producers photo
Disphotic/twilight zone
low intensity blue light
- 15 m high turbid + 1000 m clear water
- No producers
Aphotic zone
less than 1% surface light reaches
- Producers chemo
Photosynthesis
6 Co2 + 6 H2o –> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
- builds up glucose (light ener)
- glucose –> starch + protein = storage + growth
Respiration
C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 Co2 + 6 H2o
- releases ener (glucose) for active processes –> oxidation
Gross primary productivity (GPP)
total ener fixed by plant into chem compund via photo
-not all for growth –> respir (R)
Net primary productivity (NPP)
ener fixed into chem compund + used for growth
NPP = gross primary produc - respir
- Photo must exceed respir
- Euphotic –> Positive NPP = growth
- Disphotic –> Negative NPP = no grwoth
- Photo = respir –> compensation pt + no net glucose prod
- Respiration typically higher
Limiting factors = photo
- light intens
- light wavelength
- temp
- carbon dioxide concen
affect marine organ distribut
Maximum photo
- sufficient light intense
- approp wavelength
- warm temp
- sufficient carbon dioxid + water
Light intensity
provides ener for photo
- chlorophyll absorb light
- combine Co2 + water = glucose
- higher intense –> faster photo = increasing oxygen
Light wavelength
Pigm present lead to wavelength absorb
- most absorb green
- many contain accessory pigm (phyco + xantho) –> absorb addition wavelengths
Temperature
kinetic energy increases –> temp rises
-faster moving particles collide more –> faster photo
- temp rising too high –> denatured enzymes
- enzymes combine Co2 + H2o
- slows react =0
Carbon dioxide + water concentr
water not limiting factor
-essential raw materials
-Little supply –> reduce photo
-Abundant supply –> increase photo
collide w/ enzymes
Denaturation
loss of shape in enzymes –> activity loss due to high temp heating
